هويت و مسكن؛ بررسي ساز و كار تعامل هويت ساكنين و محيط مسكوني

Housing and Identity; Study on the mechanisms of interaction between dweller’s identity and residential environment

نظريه هاي علوم رفتاري، در تشريح شيوه تعامل محيط هاي مسكوني با ساكنان، بر نقش هويت بسيار تاكيد دارند. از سوي ديگر بسياري از پژوهشگران نيز هويت را به عنوان هدف اصلي سكونت معرفي مي كنند. هويت در محيط هاي مسكوني به دو گونه فردي و اجتماعي پديد مي آيد و مسكن در اين ميان نقش اصلي را ايفا مي كند. واحد مسكوني تحت تاثير هويت فردي، در عين هماهنگي با محيط، مي تواند ويژگي هاي فردي داشته باشد. ويژگي فردي تلاشي براي به نمايش گذاردن جايگاه خانواده است و هماهنگي در محيط در پي پديد آوردن هويت اجتماعي است كه معرف و نمادي از شرايط اجتماعي ساكنان در محيط مسكوني است. به اين ترتيب هويت، عاملي است كه ويژگي هايي از انسان را در ارتباط با محيط فيزيكي خانه يا با محيط اجتماعي او قرار مي دهد. محيط مسكوني به عنوان نمادي از ساكنان در فرايند كنش متقابل، ويژگي هايي از ساكنان را تفسير و بيان مي كند. انگيزش ها در اين فرايند نيازهاي سلسله مراتبي مازلو مي باشد. بنابراين هويت ساكنان در محيط هاي مسكوني از طريق دو معيار مورد بررسي قرار مي گيرد، يكي "قابليت هاي محيط" كه تعاملات بالقوه موجود در محيط را از طريق وجوه كيفي و ابعاد كارآمدي فضا پديد مي آورد، دومي شيوه تعاملات ساكنان با محيط است كه از طريق احساس مالكيت آن ها نسبت به محيط پديد مي آيد. زيرا هويت اجتماعي بر اساس همكاري اجتماعي شكل مي گيرد و در ارتباط با احساس زندگي در محيطي، كه تعلق به همه افراد ذينفع در آن دارد، مي باشد يعني؛ "احساس ما" ؛ بودن با ديگران، بايد وجود داشته باشد.

Behavioral science theories emphasized the role of identity in explaining the ways residential environments interact with residents. Indeed, many researchers suggest the identity as a main purpose of dwelling. So, residents’ identity is one of the most important issues in dwelling concept of settlements architecture. Nevertheless, this issue is paying no attention to literature. In this article, we have attempted to find the theoretical model of interaction between residential environment and residents’ identity. First, on the basis of behavioral science theories which present the hypothesis of the ways in which residents interact with residential environments, then we test the hypothesis with logical reasoning, according to theories and researches that support the issue. As residential environment is a social space, so one can claim that human shape the residential environment with semantic elements according to his/her image in order to interact the others in symbolic interaction through constructed environment and with regard to others’ evaluation of his/her residential environment can evaluate, confirm, and promote his/her identity. Residential environment in its performance as an “extended self” is linkage of man with his physical and social environment and with its two dimensions including the ‘material me’ and the ‘social me’, or as place identity and social identity interprets and explain the relation. Formation of these identities occurs in a reciprocal process and residential environment has placed in it as a symbol of self. In the reciprocal process with individuals, residential environment on the basis of its characteristics declare, interpret, and confirm itself. Resident’s level of identity Assessment through two measures, first “environment’s affordance” that produces environment’s potential interactions through qualitative aspects and efficacy dimension’s of space; and the second is resident’s interactions with environment that generates their belonging feeling to environment through place identity. On the basis of theoretical model that this article suggests, one can conclude that residential environments must be constructed in the way that residents have set them as their identical symbol. So, purposeful design with home’s conceptual elements including base (territory, private, personalizing possibility in semi private open space…) and society (shaping social groups, symbolic interactions with environmental behavior’s regulations) are useful to achieve this. So, the designing should not merely supply residents’ currently needs but also must consider their higher level needs in order that the residential environment can provide adequate and qualitative setting in dynamic process of identity formation. Design of theories of residential environment can be revised with relationship between identity of residence and residential environment.