تحليلي بر آلودگي خاك و آثار آن بر اقتصاد كشاورزي مورد شناسي: آلودگي خاك و آثار آن بر كشت شاهي در سيستان

An analysis on soil contamination and its impact on agricultural economy Case study: soil contamination and its impact on Barbarea Verna plant cultivation in Sistan

يكي از نگراني هاي مهم امروز بشر آلودگي خاك هاي كشاورزي با انواع آلاينده هاي شيميايي، مخصوصاً فلزات سنگين است كه از جمله چالش هاي مهم توسعهَ كشاورزي ودر نتيجه توسعه روستايي به شمار مي رود. اين آلاينده ها با استفاده از انواع كودهاي آلي و شيميايي، پسآب هاي شهري،آفت كش ها، حشره كش ها، علف كش ها و بسياري ديگر از فرايندهاي كشاوررزي كه به طور محلي بر خاك اثر مي گذارند، به طور بالقوه توسعه كشاورزي و روستايي را با مشكل روبرو خواهد كرد. اين پژوهش به منظور بررسي اثر كودهاي آلي (دامي و كمپوست) بر عملكرد گياه شاهي به عنوان شاخص رشد و همچنين جذب فلزات سنگين مس، سرب و كروم، در سال زراعي 88-1387 در مزرعه تحقيقاتي پرديس دانشگاه زابل اجرا گرديد. نتايج يافته ها نشان داد كه خاك هاي غيرآلوده نسبت به خاك هاي آلوده از عملكرد بالاتري برخوردارند؛ با توجه به مقايسه ميانگين داده ها بيشترين عملكرد گياه شاهي از تيمار كود شيميايي غير آلوده به فلزات سنگين (09/6 تن در هكتار) حاصل شد و كمترين عملكرد گياه شاهي نيز از تيمار كود دامي آلوده به فلزات سنگين (4 تن در هكتار) به دست آمد. در عين حال نتايج حاصل از تجزيه و تحليل واريانس داده ها نشان داد كه بين انواع كودهاي مصرفي از نظر تجمع عناصر سنگين در توده گياهي اختلاف معني داري وجود دارد. مقايسه ميانگين داده ها نيز نشان داد كه تجمع عناصر سنگين هم در بافت ريشه و هم در اندام هاي رويشي گياه شاهي كه با انواع كودهاي آلوده به فلزات سنگين تيمار شده بودند، نسبت به تيمارهاي غير آلوده بيشتر بود.

One of the major concerns of today’s human is the contamination of agricultural soil with different chemical pollutants, especially heavy metals which is considered as one of the important challenges of agricultural development and hence rural development. The use of a variety of organic and chemical fertilizers, municipal waste, pesticides, insecticides, herbicides and many other agricultural processes that affect locally on the soil potentially will face agricultural and rural development with problem. This research, in order to evaluate the effect of organic manure (animal and compost) on the growth rate and performance of Barbarea Verna (Lepidium sativum) plant as well as the uptake of copper, lead and chromium as heavy metals by the root and aerial organs of the plant , by split plot based on the completely randomized block design with six Treatment and four replications was conducted in the Crop Field Research Paradise of Zabol University in 2008-2009. The Treatments consists of plots contaminated with heavy metals three Treatments (manure, compost and chemical fertilizer) and non-contaminated plots three Treatments (manure, compost and chemical fertilizer). The results showed that the non-contaminated Treatments compared with contaminated Treatments enjoyed higher performance. But this difference was not statistically significant. Considering the comparison of the data average, the most performance of Barbarea Verna plant was obtained from the chemical fertilizer Treatment non-contaminated with heavy metals(6.09 ton/ha) and the least performance of Barbarea Verna plant was also taken from the manure Treatment contaminated with heavy metal(4 ton/ha). The results of data variance analysis showed that among various types of fertilizers, from the view of heavy elements accumulation in the plant mass, there is a significant difference. The comparison of data average of both contaminated Treatment and non-contaminated Treatment indicated that the accumulation of heavy elements both in the root tissue and in the aerial organs of Barbarea Verna plant that were treated with various types of fertilizers contaminated with heavy metals was more than non-contaminated Treatments.