روند مواجهه آمريكا و اتحاديه اروپا با تروريسم از ادراكات متفاوت تا همكاريهاي مشترك

The Process of US and EU Confrontation with Terrorism from Different Perceptions to Collaboration

حملات 11 سپتامبر و اهميت يافتن بيش از پيش تروريسم براي آمريكا و اتحاديه اروپا، دو طرف را وادار نمود كه برخورد جدي تري با اين مساله داشته باشند. اين موضوع باعث شد تا دو طرف بر تقويت همكاري در مبارزه با تروريسم تاكيد كنند. از سوي ديگر، رويكرد دو طرف به تروريسم كاملاً يكسان نبود و اين موضوع اختلافاتي در بين دو طرف برانگيخت. در اين پژوهش سعي شده است تا با اتخاذ روش توصيفي – تحليلي و بررسي و مقايسه استراتژي ها و سياست هاي آمريكا و اتحاديه اروپا در قبال تروريسم در يك دهه گذشته، ميزان همكاري و اختلاف آنها در اين موضوع مورد تجزيه و تحليل قرار گيرد. يافته ها حاكي از آن است كه در ابتدا چون ماهيت تهديد جديد (تروريسم) چندان روشن نبود، اروپا و آمريكا تعريف و درك يكساني از اين تهديد نداشتند و همكاري و اجماع آنها در زمينه مبارزه با تروريسم تا حدودي با دشواري مواجه شده بود، اما با گذشت زمان و بر مبناي اصل واقع گرايي تدافعي كه وجود «تهديد مشترك» باعث تقويت همكاري خواهد شد، به تدريج موجب افزايش همكاري اروپا و آمريكا در مقابله با تروريسم و نزديك شدن رويكردهاي آنها به يكديگر بوده است.

Extended Abstract Introduction A decade after the terrorist attacks of 9/11 terrorism remains among the most important subjects in the security strategy of the US and the EU. It is true that the event occurred in New York, but it entered world into a new phase and caused the revival of a broad term “The West” which had almost lost its importance in the aftermath of the cold war and collapse of the Soviet Union. Confronting with terrorism became a determinative principle in the American and European foreign policy as the consequence of New York terrorist attacks. However, this question arises whether they will share a homogeneous stand against the new threat of terrorism as they did during the cold war or they will choose different approaches towards this issue. The main question in this article is: “What are the nature and process of attitudes and approaches of the US and the European foreign policy makers towards the problem of terrorism?” Methodology This article, based on Analytical Descriptive Method, aims to provide an appropriate and reliable context for the Iranian foreign policy makers in dealing with the West about the problem of terrorism, employing relevantly clear and comprehensive illustrations of different approaches chosen by each of EU and the US regarding the issue. Results and dissuasion Findings of the article reveal a lack of common definition and perception about the new threat i.e. terrorism among the US and Europeans due to the ambiguity of its nature, a fact that created temporary problems in their mutual collaboration and convergence. Yet, based on “Defensive Realist Approach” which denotes that "common threads lead to a closer cooperation", the international relations arena witnessed a gradually increasing level of collaborations and convergence in the attitudes of the US and EU on terrorism. Conclusion It seems that in the future more and closer cooperation in of the US and Europe Union will be in the context of fighting with terrorism.