شكل‌گيري راه ابريشم در پرتو امنيت

Formation of the Silk Road in the light of Security Case study: The Relics and Archaeological Finds Periphery of Road, from Semnan to Garmsar, Central North of Iran

راه ابريشم مهمترين شاهراه ارتباطي- تاريخي ميان تمدن‌هاي كهن بوده كه در برهمكنش‌هاي تمدن‌ها و فرهنگ‌هاي گوناگون نقش به‌سزايي داشته است. بي شك دولتمردان و بازرگانان به‌منظور تسلط بر اين جاده، شيوه‌هاي مبادلاتي و برنامه‌ريزي‌هاي دقيقي را پايه‌ريزي كرده‌اند. در طول مسير اين جاده در ايران، از شهرستان شاهرود تا دروازه‌هاي كاسپي (ايوانكي) مانند گذرگاه طبيعي باريكي عمل مي‌كرده است كه از شمال به كوههاي البرز و از جنوب به دشت كوير محدود مي‌شود. با مطالعه متون تاريخي و بررسي باستان شناختي در طول اين جاده در منطقه ميان گرمسار تا سمنان و تفسير آنها در چهارچوب نظري امنيت، به تبيين و تحليل نقش و اهميت استراتژيك امنيت در شكل‌گيري جاده‌ها و بويژه جاده ابريشم پرداخته شده است. نتايج نشان مي‌دهد كه در گذشته براي شكل‌گيري يك راه ارتباطي بين‌المللي بايد بسترهاي طبيعي و امكانات لازم براي تامين امنيت زيست محيطي، جاني و مالي و تجاري (مبادلات) فراهم مي‌شده است.

Introduction The Silk Road was the most important communicational-historical highway between ancient civilizations and was a main factor in their interacting. Although Silk is a new name for this route, it is very ancient. In the middle Parthian period (Mehrdad ??) trade formally and organizationally had been done through this road. When trade had been started with abroad and had linked east and west areas, this route had high importance role and it was the main economic source of the Parthian and even others. Undoubtedly, governors and businessmen had founded procedures and precise plans to dominate this road. Methodology In order to reconstruct the security systems, authors studied historical documents and surveyed relics and archaeological findings of the periphery of old route, from Semnanan to Garmsar city. Theoretical indices of security and the several procedures have provided that were required to trade and transition. Results and discussion The land of Iran was the best and easiest communicational route between east and west. This route was in the north of Iran, that was limited from Shahrood city to Caspian Gate (Ivanaki), and from north as a narrow natural corridor and passageway to the Alborz mountains and from south to the Kavir desert. Although our research focused on this part of the road, we can reconstruct commerce. Nevertheless, the security systems were a part of them. Conclusion Research findings show that in order to construct an international road natural conditions and facilities should be provided to supply environmental and financial security.