جايگاه استفاده از مصالح ساختماني در حفظ يا تهديد منابع زيست محيطي شهر تهران

The position of Building Materials in the Preservation of Environmental Resources in Tehran; Case Study: Brick

منابع طبيعي بستر حيات و گنجينه اي ارزشمند است كه از ساليان دور براي انسان به يادگار مانده است؛ استفاده بي رويه و نادرست از آن مي تواند اثرات غير قابل بازگشتي براي محيط زيست و ادامه زندگي ايجاد كند. در اين ميان خاك يكي از عناصر ارزشمندي است كه مراقبت در حفظ آن مانند ساير عناصر براي ادامه حيات ضروري است. مطالعات زمين شناختي نشان مي دهد كه خاكي كه امروزه در اختيار داريم حاصل ميليون ها سال است و مصرف بي رويه و از بين بردن منابع آن غير قابل بازگشت است. يكي از حوزه هايي كه مي تواند در حفظ يا از دست رفتن منابع خاك و تخريب محيط زيست نقش موثري داشته باشد، حوزه معماري است. در اين مقاله به بررسي يكي از قديمي ترين و پركاربردترين مصالح ساختماني ساخته شده از خاك، يعني آجر و نقش آن در حفظ يا نابودي منابع خاك و تاثير آن بر محيط زيست شهر تهران مي پردازيم. ساخت و توليد آجر با اينكه ميراثي از گذشتگان ما است و موجب هويت بخشي به معماري ايراني ما ميباشد، ميتواند موجبات بر هم زدن محيط زيست را از طريق برداشت بي رويه و غير اصولي خاك فراهم كند.

Natural Resources are a life source and very valuable which have left for humanity to cherish. Irresponsible use of these resources can lead to Irreversible effects on the environment and life. Hereon, the soil is one of the valuable elements that taking care of it, is essential for durability like other elements. The soil of our planet is a result of millions of years of geological evolutions. Soil resources are irreversible and Excessive consuming of them Cause to loss of natural resources. Hence, soil conservation is very important and necessary. One of the most influential parameters on the quality of soil resources is in the field of architecture and construction. In this article we will discuss about brick, a most popular component made of soil which is used for building. Also the effects of using brick on the land quality and soil resources of Tehran have been discussed as well as environmental aspects. In this study, Tehran as the capital city of the Islamic Republic of Iran is chosen as case study in which more than eight million people reside in its metropolitan area. It is assumed that results from the analysis of soil resource challenges in Tehran could also be applicable to other large cities in developing countries. Even though using the brick is important to Iranian architecture it can also destroy the equilibrium of the environment because of the Excessive consumption of soil. The questions of this research are: 1. which damages can be followed by the use of brick in the construction industry? 2. Which advantages and Opportunities is caused by uses of bricks? To answer the research questions, the case study research method with combination strategies has been adopted. The technique used for collecting data is field survey, in which the quantitative data is chosen. The information and theoretical literature is based on studies, which is collected by the library method and Interview from Bricks manufacturers. Processing data is accomplished by graphs and illative methods.Our Research shows that environmental aspects of brick’s products in Tehran is very serious. In addition, industrial wastes without proper management, building waste and irregular construction especially in border of cities, has brought considerable risks for the environment of Tehran. While the using brick accurately, reduce damages on environment and natural resources in three period of time: manufacturing, consuming and post consuming. One of the most usable strategies to control environmental issues, is recycling and reusing of materials that the brick has high capacity in this context. Thereupon it can be appropriate opportunity for environment.