رابطه وجود ذهني و ارزش شناخت از ديدگاه استاد مطهري

The Relation between Mental Existence and significance of Knowledge from Professor Mutahhari’s point of view

آيا تنها راه مطابقت ذهن و عين و واقع نمايي ادراكات، اتحاد ماهوي صورت‌هاي ذهني با خارج است و با نفي اين اتحاد، راه شناخت ما به عالم واقع مسدود مي‌شود و ما گرفتار سفسطه مي‌شويم يا راه ديگري نيز وجود دارد؟ ديدگاه استاد مطهري در اين زمينه دو بخش دارد: بخش اول مدعا، اين است كه علم حصولي، حضور ماهيت اشيا در ذهن است. اين جهت، بعد هستي‌شناختي موضوع است؛ بخش دوم، ادعاي معرفت‌شناسانه است؛ بدين‌صورت كه تنها راه مطابقت ذهن و عين حصول ماهيت اشيا در ذهن است. در اين نوشتار، ضمن نگاه اجمالي به سير تاريخي مسيله و اشاره به اقوال ديگران، ديدگاه استاد شهيد مرتضي مطهري در اين موضوع تبيين و نقد مي‌شود.

Is the essential unity of mental forms with external realities and the verisimilitudinous character of perceptions the only way to prove correspondence between mind and the external world, such that with the denial of this unity the road to the knowledge of the external world is barred and as a result we get into sophistry, or there is another way too to prove this correspondence? Professor Mutahhar’s point of view in this regard is of two parts. The first part puts the claim that knowledge by acquisition is the presence of the essences of things in the mind. This is the ontological aspect of the matter under discussion. The second part puts an epistemological claim, saying that the only way to proving correspondence between mental being and external realities is the presence of the essences of things in mind. Casting a cursory glance at the historical development of the question under discussion and referring to others’ views in this regard, the present writing seeks to explain and gives some critical remarks on professor Mutahhari’s opinion in this connection.