گستره حجيت خبر واحد در مكتب محقق اردبيلي

The Extent of the Validity of Isolated Tradition (Khabar) in Muhaqqiq Ardabili’s School of Thought

يكي از پر كاربردترين ادله استنباط احكام شرعي خبر واحد است كه قبول يا رد آن و تحديد آن تاثير به سزايي در نتايج استنباط خواهد گذارد.محقق اردبيلي به عنوان يكي از نوابغ فقه اماميه در قرن دهم هجري، با نگرش خاصي كه به اين منبع استنباط احكام داشته است، تنها حجيت خبر صحيح اعلايي را قابل قبول و حجيت ديگر اخبار را در علم اصول مردود دانسته است.. اين ديدگاه، تاثير به سزايي در فقه او به جاي نهاده است، به گونه‌اي كه در اثبات حكم تحريم به دليل عدم صحت اخبار، دست از فتواي تحريم برداشته و در اكثر موارد به دليل احتياط علمي و عملي ايشان كه برخاسته از زهد و تقوي وي مي‌باشد، قايل به حكم كراهت شده است.نيز به دليل همين راي، در تخصيص عمومات كتاب و اخبار متواتر توسط خبر واحد نيز بسيار محتاط بوده و تنها خبر خاص و واحد صريح را براي تخصيص عمومات حجت دانسته است.در اين تحقيق برآنيم تا ديدگاه محقق اردبيلي درباره خبر واحد و ادله آن را بررسي نموده و نتايج و كاربردهاي آن را در مكتب فقهي محقق اردبيلي، مورد تحليل قرار دهيم.

One of the most highly applicable evidences for inference of legal precepts is the isolated tradition, whose acceptance, rejection, or limitation is highly effective in the consequences of inference. Muhaqqiq Ardabili, as one of the geniuses of Imami jurisprudence in tenth/ sixteenth century, with his special attitude toward this source of inference of precepts, has regarded only the validity of the supremely sound tradition as acceptable and has rejected the other validity of traditions in basics of jurisprudence methodology (‘ilm al-usul). This approach has left a great influential impact on his jurisprudence, in such a way that he has given up the legal judgment of sanction in proving the decree of sanction due to the unsoundness of the tradition, and in most cases he has maintained a decree of repugnance due to his scholarly and practical caution arising from his asceticism and piety. Similarly, because of this same opinion, he has been very cautious in designation of generalities of the Book and the frequently narrated (mutawatir) traditions by means of the isolated tradition and has regarded only the specific and explicit isolated tradition as authorized (hujja) for designation of generalities. In this research, we intend to examine the viewpoint of Muhaqqiq Ardabili concerning the isolated tradition and its evidences and analyze its outcome and applications in his jurisprudential school of thought.