كليدواژه :
موجودات افسانه اي , هنر اسلامي , حيوان- گياه , هنر رومي وار , هنر ساساني
چكيده فارسي :
در اين مقاله، موجود تركيبي اي مورد بررسي قرار مي گيرد كه تركيبي از بدن يك حيوان واقعي يا تخيلي و اجزاي گياهي است، گروهي بزرگ از موجودات افسانه اي و تركيبي به نام " حيوان- گياه" . هنر ساساني گونه هاي مختلفي از اين موجود تركيبي را با شيوه هايي متفاوت خلق كرده كه در هنر كشورهاي اسلامي، كشورهاي كرانه درياي مديترانه و بويژه هنر رومي وار فرانسه نيز ظهور پيدا كرده است. ساختار اين موجود بر چه مبنايي شكل گرفته است؟ تاثير آن بر روي هنر دوران اسلامي و اروپاي غربي بويژه هنر رومي وار چگونه بوده است؟ اين موجود از تركيب فرم هاي حيواني به هيبت واقعي و تخيلي با گونه هاي مختلف اشكال گياهي طبيعي و تجريدي بوجود آمده و از تركيبات ساده شروع و به اشكال پيچيده ختم مي گردد. اين نقش از طريق مبادلات تجاري و هداياي سلطنتي به كشورهاي اسلامي، بيزانس و اروپاي غربي راه يافت و هنر آنها را تحت تاثير خود قرار داد. در خصوص موضوع "حيوان- گياه" ساساني به صورت خاص تاكنون پژوهشي صورت نگرفته است. اين پژوهش از نوع نظري بوده و روش تحقيق بر اساس توصيفي و تحليلي و با استفاده از منابع كتابخانه اي و اسنادي صورت گرفته است.
چكيده لاتين :
In this article, we aim to discuss a compound and fictional creature, which is highly mentioned in the fields of fiction, mythology and the art of different civilizations: a creature with the body of an animal, whether real or imagined, and a combination of plant ingredients, a large group which encompasses a type of mythical creatures and the combination of "animal - plant". Sassanid art has created diverse types of this combinational creature in different ways, which has had a great impact on the art of other lands. This compound creature has emerged in the art of the Islamic countries, especially the Mediterranean art and Romanesque art in France. The idea of creating such a creature presents a common image of the two great natural and living powers which have influenced the Human life. Over the centuries and millennia, the human life has been directly connected to the animals and plants around. It was the creation of such a combination and the concentration of the two natural powers that could bear some of the concepts and symbols. The creature could be either the patron or a threat. The combination of “animal-plant” also represents one of the most applicable imaginary creatures, which is created through binding and combining one or several organs of the animal with the herbal or abstract forms. These questions are posed in this article: what is the basis of this structure? How has it influenced the Islamic and the Western Europe art, particularly the Romanesque art? The creature is made by combining the real and imaginary animal forms with the different types of natural and abstract plant species, from simple shapes to complex shapes. This figure influenced the art of Islamic, Byzantine and Western Europe countries through the trades, commerce and royal gifts (metal objects, the Sassanid silver dishes and fabrics, especially silk). The Integration of animal and plant can be seen almost everywhere in the Sassanid Empire, the Post-Sassanid, Central Asia, in Eastern Europe and Central European. This fantastic creature as a new form developed in the Islamic arts. The Romans churches in Spain and France in particular, were the scene of these creatures. According to the engraving and drawing the narrative scenes of the Old and New Testament narrative scenes on the outer walls and cubic capitals of these churches has generated a wonderful space through combining these designs with other elements. comparing many figures of "Animal-plant" on the walls and capitals, especially the symmetrical and capitals designs of the Griffin, and the way their tails are combined with plants or plant shapes coming out of their mouths makes the impacts of Sassanid samples on their creators undeniable. No particular research has been conducted on the subject of Sassanid “animal-Plant” so far. The present study is theoretical based on the descriptive and analytical research methodology applying documental and library resources. Among the many samples representing this creature, a set of samples has been selected, including the pottery and metal works, disregarding the Sassanid silk fabrics.
