مطالعه تطبيقي خسارت عدم النفع در فقه اماميه و قوانين ايران و كنوانسيون 1980 وين

Damages for Lost Profits in Iranʹʹs Jurisprudence and law and its Compatibility with Vienna 1980

ضرري كه بر فرد وارد مي شود ممكن است مادي يا معنوي باشد. ضرر مادي خود بر دو نوع است. الف: از دست رفتن مال موجود ب: تفويت منفعت كه همان عدم النفع است و در اصطلاح به معناي ممانعت از وجود پيدا كردن نفعي است كه مقتضي آن حاصل شده باشد. پيرامون خسارت عدم-النفع بين فقها و حقوق دانان آراي متفاوتي به چشم مي خورد، حتي اين اختلاف در تبصره 2 ماده 515 قانون آيين دادرسي دادگاه هاي عمومي و انقلاب در امور مدني و ماده 9 قانون آيين دادرسي دادگاه هاي عمومي و انقلاب در امور كيفري نيز وجود دارد تا جايي كه موجب برداشت هاي مختلف بين حقوقدانان مبني بر نسخ ماده 9 توسط ماده 15 شده است. ولي واقعيت اين است كه تبصره 2 ماده 515 نافي عدم النفع محتمل است، نه مسلم و قطعي. ماده 74 كنوانسيون 1980 وين خسارت عدم النفع مسلم را به طور صريح قابل مطالبه مي داند

A person who sustains a loss can be corporal damage of a moral one. Corporal damage is divided into two kinds: A) to lose the existent property B) To strengthen the profit which is the same as bearing on interest, and it is known in law text as preventing to find a profit that its appropriate has already been obtained. There are different opinions among Islamic jurists and jurisprudents about damage of bearing on interest, and even, there exists this difference in the note 2, article 515 procedure law public and revolution courts in civil affairs and article 9 procedure law of public and revolution courts in penal affairs to the extend that it has caused to understand differently among jurists about this point that is has caused to understand differently among jurists about this point that article 9 has been abolished by article 15, but the reality is that note 2, article 515, is a probable negating no interest and not a certain one. Article 74, convention of 1980 confirms that the loss of bearing no interest which is certain, is demandable clearly.