تبيين نظريه تجرّد فوق عقلاني نفس از نظر ملاصدرا و مباني هستي شناختي آن

The Explanation of the Theory of Over Abstraction- Intellectuality of the Soul in Molla Sadra’s Viewpoint and Its Ontological Principles

نظريه فوق تجرّد عقلاني بودن نفس از نظر ملاصدرا، عبارت است از تجرّد نفس از ماهيت، علاوه بر تجرّد آن از مادّه. ويژگي هاي نفس در اين مرتبه عبارت است از اين كه در هيچ حدّي ثابت نبوده و گوهري بسيط، ظلّ وجود، وجودي صرف و فوق مقوله است كه در عين حال، نه جوهر است و نه عرض، نه جنس است و نه فصل، و نه قابل اشاره عقلي است. صورت-بندي و شكل گيري اين نظريه، نتيجه اصالت وجود، وحدت حقيقت وجود، تشكيك در مراتب وجود، حركت جوهري و اتحاد عاقل و معقول است. نظريه فوق تجرّد عقلي بودن نفس، بر اعتقاد راسخ ملاصدرا به بطلان اصالت ماهيّت و عدول به نظريه اصالت وجود اثر گذرا بوده است. ملاصدرا، از ديدن برهان الهي و مكاشفه اي سخن مي گويد كه شايد همان بازگشت شيخ اشراق از اعتباريّت وجود، به انّيت صرف و وجود محض بودن نفس در مرتبه فوق تجرّد است.

The theory of over abstraction- intellectuality of the soul, according to Molla Sadra, is the abstraction of the soul from the essence in addition to its abstraction from matter. Accordingly, the characteristics of the soul in this rank are that it is never stable and is an integrated gem, a shadow of existence, a pure existence over the category, which is neither substance nor accident, neither genus nor differentia and not even intellectually notable. The structure and formation of this theory is also the result of the principality of existence and a consideration of other Sadraian principles such as the unity of existence, degrees in the stages of existence, the unity of intellect and intellectual, and trans-substance motion. Also, for the first time, the present study refers to the interaction between the theory of over abstraction- intellectuality and Molla Sadra’s firm belief in the rejection of the principality of quiddity and his return to the principality of existence theory, and in taking this position, Molla Sadra talks about noticing a divine proof and revelation which is maybe the same as Sheikh Eshragh’s rejection of the credibility of existence over the mere identically and pure existence of the soul in over abstraction. Therefore, the proposition of the theory of over abstraction in transcendent wisdom without admitting these principles is impossible and incomplete and does not lead us to a precise understanding and correct knowledge of the issue.