شيوه روايتِ «گفته هاي داستاني» در رمان «الاقلاع عكس الزمن» املي نصرالله

Narrative Report of Speech Acts in "Al-Iklaa Aks az-Zaman" by Emily Nasrollah

يكي از عناصر مهم داستان، «گفته هاي» شخصيت ها است؛ زيرا گفته ها، افكار و روحيات شخصيت ها را آشكار مي سازد. چگونگي انتقال اين گفته ها از نويسنده به خواننده از طريق روايت گر انجام مي گيرد و از آن با عنوان «شيوه هاي روايت گفته هاي داستاني» ياد مي شود كه براساس رابطه روايت گر با شخصيت ها شكل مي گيرد. رمان مشهور و واقع گرايانه «الاقلاع عكس الزمن» اثر خانم املي نصرالله، نويسنده معاصر لبنان، از آن دسته رمان هايي است كه از فوت و فن‌هايي روايي متناسبِ با شخصيت و حادثه، بهره برده و از شيوه هاي پنج گانه روايي در انتقال گفته هاي داستاني به خوبي، استفاده كرده است. اين شيوه ها به ترتيب از سيطره راويت گر در داستان (گزارش روايي) شروع و به سيطره كامل شخصيت در داستان (روش آزاد مستقيم) پايان مي يابد. اين مقاله به بررسي شيوه هاي روايت گفته هاي داستاني ـ به حسب فراواني ـ در اين داستان پرداخته است تا زيبايي هاي روايي آن را نشان دهد.

Nowadays novel has a dominant role in literature owing to its special capability to demonstrate the social dilemmas and stories. The main factor which makes a novel attractive is proportionality and symmetry of dialogue with characters and the story. In the case of narratology of a story, an alerted analyzer illustrates premier features of the story with employing narrative mechanisms and storytelling expertise. One of the main elements of story is the dialogues since they reveal the nature and spirit of the characters in the story. Conveying the dialogues from the author to the audience is done by the narrator which is referred to the narrative reports of speech acts and this is formed by the nature of the relationship between the narrator and the characters. Al-Iklaa Aks az-Zaman, a realistic and renowned novel by Emily Nasrollah, the current Lebanese novelist lady, could be referred to as novel with well-built narrative tricks to describe characters and events strongly while applying fivefold narrative reports of speech in a proper manner. These methods are originated in the ability of narrator in the story (report speech) and lead to the ability of characters in the story (free direct speech). This article focuses on the narrative report of speech acts of story, with regards to their frequency of occurrence, to illustrate their narrative elegancies.