مفهوم حس زمان وكاربرد آن در طراحي شهري

Sense of Time: Concepts and Applications in Urban Design

حس زمان يكي از مهمترين مولفه هاي زماني طراحي شهري است و از جايگاهي منحصر به فرد در ساختار و نظام توسعه شهري برخوردار است. هدف اين بحث توجه به مفاهيم و الزامات طراحي شهري وابسته به اين موضوع است. در اين راستا با روش تحليل محتواي كيفي متون تخصصي طراحي شهري سعي در ارايه نظامي از توجهات طراحي شهري با محوريت حس زمان دارد. يافته هاي تحقيق نشان مي دهد حس زمان در طراحي شهري از سه جنبه واجد اهميت است. شناسايي الگوهاي فعاليتي در دوره هاي زماني، شناخت عناصر ساختاري شهر و حفظ آنها و در نهايت يادگيري مديريت زمان و زمانبندي اجرا در پروژه هاي توسعه شهري؛ مهمترين عوامل و مولفه هاي مورد نظر در رويكرد طراحي شهري زمان محور است. ارايه راهبردهايي براي چگونگي پاسخگويي به اين توجهات از ديگر دستاوردهاي تحقيق به شمار مي رود.

Time is an abstract meaning which has different interpretations and even paradoxes. It seems because of its complexity in expression and technical definition. According to this, some of time`s evidences are necessary for recognition and avoiding common misunderstanding. In field of designing, urban design as a profession of increasing the public realm qualities, attention to four dimensions that the fourth one which is emphasized by most of the designers is the time. In order to use this concept in urban design, temporal dimension needs precise theories and applications of time in city. Indeed, cities are changed through the time. New buildings are constructed and elders are destructed and urban environments are continuously along changes. Certainly, for avoiding historic ruin, some guidance and control instruments for changes are necessary. The way of realize and foreseeing the future by urban designers has an important role in environmental changes. On the other hand, one of the most significant and useful meanings in temporal dimension , that designers have to know, are those things which changes during the time and those remains without any changes. Therefore, one of the principles in new methods of urban design is to endeavor the accent of sense of place and linkage the time to past and as a result preserve the character of place. The aim and scope of this paper is to recognize the content and application of temporal dimension as an important concept in urban design. Because of this aim, consideration to sense of time in urban design process is the main goal of this article. The comparative content analysis of publications and analytical approach with the base of grounded theory is method of this research. In this regard, some related terms such as sense of time, time perception, time management, time cycles and periods of changes and continuity of place came up with temporal dimension in urban design. The structure of this research, base upon two parts. In the first part , some ambiguities in definition of time were expressed and the second part focuses on relation between urban design and concept of time. In this paper an attempt has been made to identify and illustrate the concept of time in city spaces, public places. In other word, the paper tries to determine functionality and application of sense of time in design as well as answering the questions raised on the main causes in temporal dimension. Findings of this research show that sense of time in urban design has three main factors. Identification of activity patterns in different periods, identification of urban structural elements for conserving them and finally time management of urban development projects are the most important requirements in time- based urban design approach. Recommendation of urban design strategies for responding to these points is the other result of this inquiry. These policies and strategies are more necessary for enhancing the sense of place and continuity of place. Shaping urban public spaces and environments has a deep relation to the time framing and management.