موانع نهاد ي سرمايه‌گذاري و كسب و كار در ايران

Institutional obstacles to investment and business in Iran

در اين تحقيق، پس از بازخواني مولف ههاي محيط نهادي كسب وكار، احساس ناامني و نگراني سرمايه گذاران و اصحاب كسب وكار در كشور ايران، در قالب چندين متغير اندازه گيري شده است. سپس با استفاده از نتايج ب هدست آمده و با كمك )subjective( ذهني نتايج حاصل از مطالعه بانك جهاني كه متغيرهاي مزبور را براي كل جهان و نيز كشورهاي توسع هيافته اندازه گيري كرده است، فرضي ههاي متعددي با هدف مقايسه محيط نهادي كس بوكار در جامعه ايران با محيط نهادي كسب وكار در دو جامعه مرجع )كل جهان و كشورهاي توسعه يافته( مورد آزمون قرار گرفته است. نتايج اين آزمو نها نشان مي دهد كه مولف ههاي تشكيل دهنده محيط نهادي كسب وكار در ايران، در قريب به اتفاق موارد، نسبت به كشورهاي توسع هيافته و كل جهان در وضعيت نامناس بتري قرار دارد.

Small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) play an important and increasing role in the economy today, and expanding e-commerce in these enterprises can reduce costs and boost their activities. This paper addresses the status of e-commerce implementation in the Iranian industrial SMEs. It begins to examine the concept of e-commerce implementation from various aspects and different approaches. Some indices used to measure e-commerce implementation in different countries and in a number of papers have also been considered. Based on behavioral approaches and with the emphasis on ‘soft’ implementation, a model of e-commerce implementation in the Iranian industrial SMEs has been introduced. The model measures intention to use e-commerce, introductory applications, computer and network communications, informational implementation, transactional implementation, and strategic implementation. A classification of industrial SMEs was made and a selected country-wide sample was surveyed by using a questionnaire, and the data collected was analyzed. Furthermore, the implementation e-commerce profile in the Iranian industrial SMEs was presented, and a comparison among enterprises belonging to various industrial fields, and different geographical regions was drawn. The results show that while the potential grounds for using e-commerce exist in these SMEs, the tendency to use it is less than average, introductory applications are more than average, application of computer and network communications are at about low level, and informational, transactional, and strategic implementation is relatively very low.