نقد سياست جنايي تقنيني در قبال تاثير روابط خانوادگي

Critique of Legislative-Penal Policy when Influenced by Family Relations

تاثير روابط خانوادگي در قوانين كيفري ايران، موضوع قابل ترديدي نيست؛ ولي پرسش اينكه آيا ميزان و چگونگي تاثير اين روابط در مقررات جزايي، ناشي از رويكردي آگاهانه، منطقي و مبتني بر مباني علمي و يا اقتضايات عملي مشخص است يا فارغ از يك «سياست جنايي تقنيني» و فقط ترجمان منابع فقهي و قوانين خارجي، بدون درك و لحاظ مباني تاثير‌گذاري اين عنصر است؟ نگارنده براي پاسخ به اين پرسش، سياست جنايي تقنيني در قبال تاثير روابط خانوادگي را از سه جنبه مورد نقد قرار داده است: 1. ميزان و چگونگي تاثير روابط خانوادگي در گواهي خويشاوندان، صلاحيت قضايي، مسيله اجراي حد به وسيله پدر و شوهر و عدم مجازات پدر به خاطر فرزند، از جهت تطابق ميان رويكرد قانوني و فقهي؛ 2. اصلاحات قانوني متاثر از روابط خانوادگي در حذف ضمان عاقله در قتل شبيه عمد، تغيير در كيفر اعمال منافي عفت با محارم، عدم احتساب خويشاوندي به عنوان سبب موقوفي تعقيب يا معافيت از مجازات، تغيير در ساختار عاقله، صلاحيت مقام قضايي، تحديد دامنه قتل در فراش و مساعدت جنايي، از جهت رويكرد قانوني هدفمند، پايدار و داراي مبناي مشخص در قبال روابط خانوادگي؛ 3. چگونگي تاثير روابط خانوادگي در مواردي همچون تعاملات مالي، برهنه‌خوابي و عدم حضور در مواعد قانوني، از جهت سنخيت ميان مبنا و دامنه تاثير خويشاوندي در قوانين جزايي.

There is no doubt that family relations are of influence on Iranian Penal Law. But there are certain questions: “are the way in which and the extent to which these relations influence penal rules based on an informed, reasonable approach which is, in turn, founded on scientific principles and in accord to the practical requirements or are they far from a penal-legislative policy and only a translation of juridical sources and foreign laws without an understanding of and taking into account the influence of this point [penal-legislative policy]?” To reply these questions, the author has studies the penal-legislative policy when influenced by family relation from three respects: The extent to which and the way in which family relations influence testimonies of relatives, jurisdiction, execution of religious punishment (hadd) by father and husband, that father is not punished for [crimes he committed toward] his offspring, in terms of correspondence between legal and juridical approaches; Legal corrections stemmed from family relations in elimination of paternal guarantee in quasi intentional murder in punishing those who commit incest, not taking into account relativeness as a cause to stop prosecution or exempt someone of punishment, change in the structure of paternal relatives [of a murderer], competence of the judicial authority, limitation of the scope of murder in penal cooperation, in terms of a purposeful, sustainable, and well-founded legal approach toward family relations. The way in which family relations influence cases such as financial interactions, nakedness [in presence of each other], and absence in legal deadlines in terms of similarity between basis and the scope of impact exerted by relativeness on penal laws.