باغ يا پارك؟!/ تقابل مفاهيم در دو زبان مختلف

Park or Garden?!/ The Contrast of Definitions in Two Various Languages

سال‌هاست بحث باغ، باغ‌سازي، و باغ ايراني در ادبيات و متون معماري و شهرسازي مطرح بوده ‌است. اين، جاي خوشبختي است؛ ولي بدبختانه هر روز بيش از گذشته "باغ ايراني" به معنايي كه عموم مي‌شناختند و مي‌شناسند از محيط شهرهاي ما رخت برمي‌بندد، بدون آنكه جاي خالي آن حس شود. اين‌طور به‌نظر مي‌رسد كه "پارك" جاي آن را گرفته ‌است. اين مقاله به بررسي موجز اين موضوع اختصاص‌ يافته‌ است كه چه فرق مفهومي و روش‌شناسانه بين باغ‌سازي و پارك‌سازي وجود دارد؟ آيا عنصري به نام پارك مي‌تواند و بايد جاي باغ ايراني را در جامعه بگيرد؟ چه انديشه‌اي در اين خصوص در جامعه ساري و جاري است؟ آيا ما مي‌توانيم عنصري به نام باغ ايراني را مانند ساير عناصر محيطيـ تاريخي به‌عمد به دست فراموشي بسپاريم (كاري كه مثلاً در مورد خانه سنتي انجام داده‌ايم)؟ و اگر چنين كنيم چه تاثيري بر جامعه و فرهنگمان خواهد ‌داشت؟ در نهايت سعي شده ‌است، بر پايه رويكرد كل‌نگر، برخي توصيه‌ها در اين خصوص ارايه ‌شود.

Garden and gardening has been an opposed matter in literature as well as architecture and urbanism text for many years. This is a fortunate matter, but in contrary to that the general known “Iranian garden” has been ignored in the city environment insignificantly each day. Apparently, it has been replaced by “parks”. The “Iranian garden” is not just an architectural model in comparison to its mere models. The pattern, elements and the spatial structure of it is a summary of Iran and being Iranian in a way that ignoring the pattern of the Iranian garden leads to a cultural disaster. The Iranian garden is a miniature if Iran and being Iranian. After victimizing the “Iranian house” in return for “economic profits”, while there were chances of preserving the traditional houses in many ways and for multiple excuses, there is the same destiny for the Iranian garden. While there were many opportunities offered for the designers to organize the private, public and semi public zones and to create green spaces, they chose the contrary way. The Iranian garden is a considerable part of our cultural - linguistic life, but not just a place for spending the leisure time. This article tries to discuss whether there are any conceptual or methodological differences in gardening and creating parks and to see that is it possible for Iranian garden to be replaced by parks and is that correct? What are the main ideas behind these beliefs in the society? Can we forget an environmental - historical element such as gardens and how will these decisions impact our nation? The hypothesis in this article mentions that not only Iranian garden is a multi dimensional cultural case, but also an artistic one. The culture of every society has two subjective (meaning - symbolism) and objective (physical) unit. These two units can be permanent in the case of unity and cognitive adaption in the field of language. The garden and its other synonyms are the best examples of this allegation. This conformity forms the cognitive historical – cultural - linguistic subjectivity of a society. Therefore, the elimination of the “garden” and “gardening” can be used as a metaphor for disappearance of some of the major memories of a person caused by a clash.