ضرورت بازنگري رابطه شهر و محيط زيست

The Necessity of Revision in the City and Environment Relations

نقش دوسويه شهرها در ايجاد تنش‌هاي زيست محيطي و پتانسيل آنها براي تغيير جهت به سوي توسعه پايدار اين مراكز را حساس و حايز اهميت و با چالش‌هاي متعددي مواجه كرده است. به طوري‌كه، امروزه چالش‌هاي محيط زيست و زيرساخت‌هاي شهري به عنوان يك مسيله جدي در مقابل شهروندان و مديران شهري و تصميم‌سازان عرصه زندگي مدني قرار گرفته است. رشد سريع جامعه‌هاي شهرنشين و افزايش بي‌رويه سكونتگاه‌هاي شهري در گروي تخريب، آسيب، و يا نابودي پتانسيل‌هاي محيطي و طبيعت بستر است. زيستگاه‌هاي آبي و خشكي و تنوع زيستي، پوشش گياهي و حيات جانوري به شدت در معرض تهديد و نابودي است. رويارويي خردمندانه با اين چالش نيازمند توانايي درك درست و سيستماتيك از هردو مفهوم و عملكرد محيط زيست به عنوان يك سيستم طبيعي و توليدكننده از پيش تعريف‌شده، و شهر به عنوان يك سيستم انسان‌ساخت و مصرف‌كننده و وابسته به محيط بسترش عمل مي‌كند. درك و فهم رابطه عميق اين پديده مصنوع (شهر) و بستر طبيعي (محيط زيست) براي حل مشكلات شهر و محيط، و امتزاج و بهينه‌سازي سيستم‌ها و فرايندهاي چندگانه طبيعي و انساني امري اساسي است. درحالي‌كه شهروندان، صاحب‌نظران، و دولت‌ها به دنبال راه‌حل‌هاي پايدار هستند كه به طور همزمان تداوم رشد و توسعه و ارتقاي كيفيت محيط زيست و بهبود عملكرد نهادهاي شهري را فراهم كنند اين امر جز با رويكرد كل‌نگر و استفاده از تجارب علمي و فني و تخصص‌هاي مهندسي و مديريتي براي حل موفقيت‌آميز چالش‌هاي پايداري و برنامه‌هاي بحراني ميسر نخواهد شد.

The double role of the cities in creating environmental tensions and their potentials in shifting toward sustainable development makes them supersensitive and considerable centers where numerous challenges are faced. For instance, the citizens and city managers and the planners are all concerned about the environmental challenges. The rapid growth of the urban communities and the uncontrolled urban settlements is obtained through destruction and devastation of natural potentials and the nature of the context. The natural land and water habitats, biodiversity, vegetation and animals are strongly endangered and at the risk of distinction. A wise confrontation to this challenge requires an accurate and systematic perception of the concept and the function of the environment as a predefined productive natural system and of the city as an environmental related and a manmade consumer system. Therefore it is essential to perceive and understand the profound relations of the built phenomenon ( city ) and natural context ( environment ) in order to resolve the problems of the environment and city and also synthesize and optimize the multiple human and natural systems and processes. In this case the citizens and theorists look for sustainable solutions that will provide sustainable development with environmental quality increase and an improvement in performances of municipal entities simultaneously, while this case will be fulfilled by applying the holistic approach and benefiting from the use of scientific and technical expertise and managerial and engineering experience in resolving the sustainability and planning problems successfully. The development system and the physical – spatial development of the city should be adapted to the environmental capacities as a context and a natural infrastructure and it must take place in the framework of sustainable urban development as well. The natural environment as a natural infrastructure of the city - compared to built and manmade infrastructures – requires a holistic approach in planning and conversation. The following elements are the providing sources of the city that require planning, design and implementation to provide the city ecosystem and the environment benefits simultaneously within the sustainable urban development framework.