منظر تاريخي شهر

Historical Landscape of the City

موضوع اصلي منظر شهري، قرايت، تفسير صحيح و در نهايت باز توليد كيفيت‌هايي است كه ارزش‌هاي قديم و جديد شهر را به هم پيوند مي‌زند و موجب حفظ رابطه طبيعي انسان با محيط شهري خود ـ هويت شهري ـ مي‌شود و بايد به عنوان يك اصل در پروژه‌هاي منظر شهري مد نظر قرار گيرد. پروژه‌هاي نوسازي و بهسازي محلات و بافت‌هاي شهري از مهم‌ترين پروژه‌هاي منظر شهري هستند. ضرورت معاصرسازي اين بافت‌ها و فوريت حفظ شخصيت اصلي اين مجموعه‌هاي كهن و تداوم و هدايت حيات و هويت موجود در آنها، با ساخت‌و‌سازهاي امروزين و جريان آن به نسل‌هاي آينده از مهم‌ترين دغدغه‌هاي آنهاست. يكي از اين بافت‌هاي ارزشمند در تهران محله جماران است كه در گذشته‌اي نه چندان دور روستايي در حاشيه شهر بوده و با ادامه روند گسترش شهري به شكل محله‌اي درون شهر تغيير چهره پيدا كرده است. اين منطقه بين سال‌هاي 59 تا 68 به واسطه حضور امام خميني (ره)، كانون سياسي ايران بوده است كه اين امر بر اهميت تصميم‌گيري در اين بافت مي‌افزايد.

The main subject of urban landscape is the reading, right interpretation and finally reproduction of the qualities that connects the old and new city values which ultimately results in the preservation of natural human relationship with urban environment (urban identity) and should be considered a principle in urban landscape projects. Projects of renovation and reforming of neighborhoods and urban contexts are among most important urban landscape projects. The necessity of modernization of such contexts, urgency of preservation of their worthy character and providing continuity of life and identity in their new constructions are the most serious contemporary problems. One of such valuable contexts in Tehran is Jamaran neighborhood which has been a village adjacent to Tehran not many years ago and has become a district in Tehran after the expansion of this capital. One of the significant points in this area is the presence of Imam Khomeini in 1980 to 1989 as a political center which augments the emphasis of planning in this neighborhood. A number of planning and designing strategies has been presented in different projects in this area but the complex situation leads to inefficiency and insufficiency of such subjective and local plans. In this paper these projects are analyzed in three categories including aesthetic, functional and identity-related values. All of the strategies conducted in these planning projects deals with physical and functional aspects. Furthermore aesthetic and historical values are ignored in the projects. Regarding all the considerations, systemic and holistic view and sustainable approach based on all the values are the most important strategies in intervention and organization of this neighborhood today.