نقش توانمندسازي روانشناختي بر تقويت كارآفريني روستايي (مطالعه موردي: استان اردبيل)

Role of psychological empowerment on reinforcement of rural entrepreneurship, Case Study: Ardabil Province

يكي از راه‌هاي تجربه شده در جهان در بازنگري سياست‌ها، توجه به كارآفريني است كه از آن در متون توسعه به عنوان بازسازماندهي و باز ساخت اقتصاد روستا نام مي برند. همچنين تقويت كارآفريني روستايي، به عنوان اساسي‌ترين ركن در توسعه روستايي در راستاي اشتغال‌زايي، انتقال فنآوري، ترغيب و تشويق سرمايه‌گذاري، افزايش رفاه و غيره از جنبه هاي گوناگون مدّ نظر است. در اين ارتباط، سازوكار توانمندسازي روان‌شناختي يكي از جنبه هاي مهم در تقويت كارآفريني روستايي است. هدف اين مقاله بررسي نقش توانمندسازي روان‌شناختي در تقويت كارآفريني روستايي در استان اردبيل مي باشد. اين تحقيق از نوع توصيفي-تحليلي است كه با استفاده از روش پيمايش انجام شده است. كارآفرينان روستايي و روستاييان عادي(غير كارآفرين) استان اردبيل، جامعه آماري اين پژوهش را تشكيل مي دهند. با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گيري تصادفي ساده، تعداد 180 كارآفرين روستايي و روستاييان عادي(90 نفر كارآفرين و 90 نفر غير كارآفرين) انتخاب شدند. روايي صوري پرسش‌نامه با كسب نظرات صاحب‌نظران در دانشگاه و كارشناسان اجرايي مربوط به دست آمد. آزمون مقدماتي نيز براي به دست آوردن پايايي ابزار پژوهش انجام گرفت و ضرايب آلفاي كرونباخ (?) براي بخش‌هاي مختلف پرسش نامه بين 83/0 الي 91/0 محاسبه شد. نتايج حاصل از آزمون همبستگي اسپيرمن نشان داد كه بين ابعاد شايستگي، اثرگذاري، معني‌داري و خودتعييني با متغير تقويت كارآفريني رابطه مثبت و معنا‌داري وجود دارد. همچنين در آزمون رگرسيون چندگانه خطي ابعاد شايستگي، اثرگذاري و خودتعييني، توانايي تبيين 92/0 درصد از تغييرات متغير تقويت كارآفريني را دارا مي باشند. در نهايت با توجه به تحليل نتايج، پيشنهادات كاربردي ارايه شده است.

Extended abstract 1- Introduction One of widespread ways on the world is pay attention to entrepreneurship in the retrospect of policies. This action to the development context is referred to as rearrangement and reorganization of rural economy. In addition, rural entrepreneurship reinforcement plays an important role in rural development in order generate employment, technology transformation, investment persuasion, warfare promotion, etc. In this regard, psychological empowerment mechanism is the one of most important aspects on the reinforcement of rural entrepreneurship. Psychological empowerment is one of the most important aspects of the spread and enlargement of entrepreneurship. In addition, conducted studies have shown that often the attributes of entrepreneurs is acquisitive not descent. Hence, at the present time with rising of knowledge, attitude and skill of rural people can enforce rural entrepreneurship. At this relation, the most important of strategies of amplifier of rural people entrepreneurship including capacity building and facilitation and expedition growth via making movement. At this research empowerment with entrepreneurship approach have been discussed. Also, the aim of this research is to find a significant relation between empowerment and entrepreneurship. 2- Methodology The purpose of the present study was to investigate thw role of psychological empowerment on the reinforcement of rural entrepreneurship. The research method was a descriptive/correlational design of survey type. The target population in the study was the entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneur people in Ardabil Province. Using a simple random sampling technique, 180 of the entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs were selected as the statistical sample. The content and face validity of the instrument was specified after several reviews and correction by the faculty members at university and several experts at administrative offices. The reliability analysis was conducted and Cronbach’s alpha values for the various sections of the instrument were estimated to be between 0.83 and 0.91. 3- Discussion With regard to sustainable development, entrepreneurship is on the rural environment at economical aspects, aid to generating employment, using limited financial resources with the least amount of foreign currency and acquiring income for low revenue households from social-institutional aspects facilitating to the spread of justice, promotion of participation, guiding to social changes, arousing foresees and people potential talents’ for building, self-reliance, and aid to special groups of society and evolution of social and individual and environmental aspects, consideration of locations right, resources management, using optimal of environment , resources preservation, hazardous reduction, safety ecosystems and biodiversity at the entrepreneurship policymaking . 4- Results The results of Spearmanʹs test showed that there was a statistically significant positive relationship between self-determination, self-efficacy, self-meaning and self-competency dimensions with agricultural sustainable development. In addition, the results of the multivariate regression revealed that 0.92 percent of the variability in reinforcement of rural entrepreneurship stems from psychological empowerment. Finally, based on the results of the analysis, some applied recommendations have been provided.