تحليل معيارهاي كيفيِ فضاهاي عمومي، در شهرهاي متوسط

Analysis of Public Spaces Quality Criteria in Middle Cities

فضاهاي عمومي، با ايجاد امكان مشاركت، حضور گروه ها و فضاي تعامل، نقشي عمده در تقويت جنبه هاي اجتماعي شهرها دارند. بازارهاي قديم، روزگاري عمومي ترين محور اجتماعي و عملكردي بوده و كاركرد فضاي عمومي را به خوبي ايفا مي نموده است. هدف اين بحث بررسي معيارهاي كيفي بازارهاي شهرهاي سنتي با تاكيد بر بازار قيصريه لار و تبيين راهكارهاي ارتقا كيفيت آنها به عنوان فضايي عمومي است. روش تحقيق، توصيفي- تحليلي با استفاده از مشاهدات و برداشت ميداني است. بر مبناي چهار معيار سنجش كيفيت فضاهاي عمومي (آسايش و منظر، دسترسي، فعاليت، اجتماعي بودن) ، PPS پرسشنامه استاندارد مورد بررسي قرار گرفته است. نتايج پژوهش نشان مي دهد منظر و اجتماعي بودن، به ترتيب واجد بيشترين و كمترين امتياز بوده اند. در نهايت، دلايل ضعف و قوت هر مولفه بر اساس شرايط كالبدي بازار مورد تحليل قرار گرفته و به ارايه راهكارهاي بهبود كيفيت فضا انجاميده است.

Nowadays cultural tourism is a social phenomenon and cities are considered as cultural scripts that are essential in creating cultural experiences and conveying people’s individual and group meaning. This present article aims to investigate the concept of urban culture through elaborating on a framework of its factors from an analytical view point. Almost all scholars has defined the resulting framework in such a way to include an integrated and symbolic combination of cultural physic, memorial buildings and the urban cultural inscription, social-cultural functions and interactions along with everyday life of city with a collection of physical and nonphysical symbols and thus an understanding of cultural values in the public realm. On the other hand, the individual’s quality experience of culture in the urban space which means his/her interaction with everyday urban life as well as an authentic cultural space affects those factors. Based on the conceptual definition of cultural tourism and the characteristics of cultural tourists’ experiences as defined by the scholars and in response to the hypothesis claiming that “urban culture does have factors which are, based on cultural tourists’ experiences, thought to be influential in attracting them”, the analytical model of the research is formed and implementing an analytical-comparative test on some universal exemplars tries to confirm the hypothesis. The test indicates that cultural tourists seek authentic experiences of integrated urban culture factors which are in turn affected by the urban space factors. On the other hand, what stands out in all these examples is a conceptual repetition of symbolic shared points among factors. Thus the factors of attracting cultural tourists are not symbolic in their shared points but are symbolic themselves and are actively involved in an integrated connection of attracting cultural tourists. Thus urban culture with physical and nonphysical factors is in public realm and in a collection of integrated symbolic connections where the space’s cultural audience reaches individual experiences and conclusions during cultural-social authentic interactions with them. The research hypothesis is confirmed and the results are presented as: the physical factor of urban culture is symbolically presented and 1. Historical- archaic physic; 2. Contemporary cultural physic related to urban culture; 3. Natural-entertainment physic can be based on the potentials of that space. The functional factor of urban culture includes symbolic entertainment, religious, and artistic activities, related to tourists’ historical-national subjects, mythical, scientific and technological, literary, ethnical-social and ethical-political subjects with the cultural or natural space and urban cultural activities and with visitors and the local people in the form of fixed or temporary spaces. As well, in contact with authentic experiences of urban culture physical and functional factors, the cultural tourist finally reaches conclusions and finally differing symbolic entertainment, religious, artistic, historical-national, mythical, scientific-technological, literary, ethnical-social and ethical-political meanings which all stem in the culture of that space. So cultural tourist experiences the mentioned symbolic factors during authentic experiences in the symbolic, public realm, where the integrated and symbolic combination of these factors linked to authentic experiences of cultural tourists would be influential in attracting them.