سير تحولات فرمي در طراحي معماري بناهاي فرهنگي در معماري معاصر ايران

Form Developments Process in Architectural Designing of the Cultural Buildings in Contemporary Architecture of Iran (Three Decades after the Islamic Revolution)

تحولات در معماري معاصر ايران بر اساس روندي از پيش طراحي شده، رخ نداده است. انقلاب اسلامي نقطه ي عطف مهمي دراين تحولات محسوب مي شود كه تحت تاثير آن فرم معماري نيز دچار تحول شده است. از اين رو در اين بحث سعي شده است با بررسي شرايط هر دهه و تحليل آثار متعلق به آن دوره، تحولات و گرايش هاي فرمي در طراحي معماري با كاربري فرهنگي مورد واكاوي قرار گيرد و با مقايسه نتايج، سير تحولات شكلي معماري معاصر ايران طي سي سال پس از انقلاب ارايه گردد. با بررسي انجام شده مي توان، سه گرايش عمده را در روند تحولات فرمي در طراحي معماري معاصر طي سه دهه ي پس از انقلاب اسلامي مشاهده نمود. آثار دهه ي اول با رويكرد پيروي از الگوهاي شكليِ سنتي، آثار دهه ي دوم با گرايش به معماري معناگرا و مفهومي و آثار دهه ي سوم با گرايش به جهاني شدن طراحي و ساخته شده اند.

The contemporary architecture of Iran hasn’t changed based on a pre-designated trend. There have been influential factors in the development of the contemporary architecture of Iran such as: The imposed war and the destructive economic and structural effects, the rebuilding of the war affected areas after the war, organizing architectural competitions and presenting architecture awards, qualitative and quantitative developments in architecture education, increase in the general understanding of the latest world experience in the eyes of both the public and the professionals. From all the above-mentioned factors, The Islamic Revolution is considered as a significant turning point in these changes that can transform the form of the architecture. Therefore studying on the architectural works of the three forthcoming decades after the Islamic Revolution, this article introduces three main trends and the form developments process in contemporary architecture of Iran for cultural buildings. The thirty years after the Revolution have been divided into three decades for the great events that have occurred. By analyzing the some cultural buildings results throughout the three decades, the works built during the first decade after the Islamic Revolution, affected the society conditions and the post modernism developments in the west world, were based on “traditional patterns” approach in plans and elevations designing and also used material. Although it’s obviously visible to copy the traditional forms in architectural designing. The works of the second decade tended to use the Iranian traditional patterns beside the west and global patterns equally. For the modeling of the traditional pattern, there had been two main and separate trends. The first trend adheres the apparent form of the architecture like the first decade’s work such as National Library of Iran by Pirraaz consulting engineers. But the second emphasizes the spiritualist and conceptual architecture such as National Library of Iran by Naghsh-e-Jahan Pars consulting engineers. For the globalization of the architectural form, we can refer to the works inspiration of various post modernism architectural styles for example conferences center of Toseye Saderat Bank by Mehdi Alizadeh and Dezful cultural center by Farhad Ahmadi. The third decade’s works were designed and constructed based on the globalization approach by the new generation of architects had inspired the up dated west schools more after The Islamic Revolution. Soas the time passed, the contemporary architecture of Iran in the form designing, has changed from the form similarity to the Iranian Traditional Architecture to the form similarity to the west architecture and therefore has become more globalized. That means apparent similarity to the traditional architecture has faded gradually and accommodated spiritualist and conceptual architecture and conformed the modern global architecture.