تعيين الگوي فضايي بهينه استقرار مراكز خدمات روستايي با رويكرد تناسب اراضي به روش AHP (مطالعه موردي: بخش دهدز، شهرستان ايذه)

(Determining the optimal spatial pattern of rural service centers by AHP method with an approach to land suitability (Case study: Dehdiz District, Izeh County

توزيع نامناسب و نبود توجه به ظرفيت هاي محيطي از جمله معضلات الگوي فضايي استقرار مراكز خدمات روستايي است. استقرار بهينه مراكز خدمات روستايي، موجب دسترسي آسان روستاييان به اين خدمات و صرفه اقتصادي مي‌شود و نيز پايداري فرايند توسعه روستايي را تضمين مي‌كند. هدف از نگارش مقاله حاضر، تحليل تناسب اراضي با هدف تعيين الگوي بهينه استقرار مراكز خدمات روستايي در بخش دهدز شهرستان ايذه، به روش تحليل سلسله‌مراتبي در محيط سامانه اطلاعات جغرافيايي است. روش تحقيق در اين مقاله از نظر هدف، كاربردي و از حيث ماهيت، از نوع توصيفي- تحليلي است. براي انجام اين پژوهش از داده‌هاي توصيفي و لايه‌هاي رقومي، مدل ارتفاعي، شيب، فاصله از راه‌هاي ارتباطي، تراكم جمعيت، برخورداري از تاسيسات زيربنايي و امكانات بهداشتي- درماني استفاده شد و با تكنيك مقايسه زوجي و هم‌پوشاني لايه‌هاي رقومي، الگوي تحليلي تناسب اراضي با هدف استقرار بهينه مراكز خدمات به دست آمد. نتايج تحقيق نشان مي دهد كه معيارهاي تراكم نسبي جمعيت، فاصله تا راه‌هاي ارتباطي و وجود امكانات زيربنايي و بهداشتي به ترتيب داراي بيشترين تاثيرگذاري بر استقرار مراكز خدمات روستايي هستند و نتايج حاصل از تلفيق نقشه‌ها بر اساس معيارهاي يادشده نشان مي‌دهد كه 22 روستا براي استقرار مراكز خدمات روستايي كاملاً مناسب و 112 روستا براي مكان‌يابي درجات متفاوتي از اهميت را دارند.

1. INTRODUCTION The main step to achieve stable development in the rural areas is the identification of current situations and capabilities. Hence, to conduct the plan from the land-use planning perspective, it is necessary to allot resources according to the region conditions. One of the main issues planners encounter in regional planning and land development is the identification of appropriate region to establish and develop such activities. There are different models and methods in this regards, developments in Geographical Information Systems (GIS) have made the spatial modeling and information analysis possible. The establishment of activities in appropriate places leads to high efficiency and economic justification of such activities, and guarantees their stability. This study aims to analyze the land suitability in establishing the rural service centers in Dehdiz district, Izeh County by using GIS. The rough and mountainous conditions of the region have made it difficult for some of the villages to access the services; therefore, this necessitates the land suitability analysis to establish rural service centers using scientific principles. 2. THEORETICAL BASES The location of the rural service centers has always drawn the attention of experts and planners, and the research shows that this method has not been applied consistently for zoning and localization. Specification of the optimal distribution either in urban or in rural areas is an issue that the planners often deal with. Distribution of characteristics in a specific region constructs a pattern which can be stochastic, condensed or dispersed. The development of the rural areas entails a wide range of deep evolutions in social and economic structures of rural areas, aiming at fair distribution of income, improving the living standards and providing superior service offer in such areas. Therefore, the rural development only takes place when the facilities and services serving the generating economic activities are centralized in the optimal rural centers proper to their conditions. Rural service centers have an important role in providing facilities and services for such villages since those centers are regarded as a base for mobility and desire for life. The main issue related to the appropriate location for the rural service centers at the district or rural level is to define and regulate how to make a hierarchy at the rural level for distributing better services so that the rural community is able to benefit from the current services at the higher hierarchical levels. 3. DISCUSSION In the present research, at first descriptive data and digitization were used. Then, the criteria and sub-criteria were prioritized and valuated. Overlapping and data analysis were performed in ArcGis and Expert Choice software. The standard maps were rated and classified by the experts and standards for choosing the service centers for the villages according to the aims and methods of AHP. The layers used in the analysis included altitudinal digitizing model, slope, the distance from the roads, population density, and enjoying the infrastructures and health facilities. At the first step, the coefficient of criteria and the items were determined. After the layers were rated, their relative weights were calculated and normalized. Finally, to gain the final weight, the sum of each criterion was calculated. The highest value or weight was for the population density criteria amounting 0.443; that is, population was more accentuated in the location of the service centers. The distance from the roads, its quality and having the infrastructure and health facilities weighing respectively 0.268, 0.139 and 0.078 were put in the next priorities. The results of criteria and options compatibility showed that the applied values in the hierarchical model were correct as the compatibility was less than 0.1 in all parameters, indicating the acceptable level. The study of the six criteria points out that the fully suitable parts in the output maps for building rural service centers, were fairly plain areas with low slope, which are economically suitable and residential areas that generally enjoy good conditions resulting from the population density, facilities and equipment. 4. CONCLUSION According to the study results, and the final map obtained from the integration of maps, 168.39 km2 of the area was suitable for choosing the rural service centers; i.e., the villages located in such areas (22 villages) can be chosen as the center of serving for other villages, among which eight villages were located in the central district, eight at the bank of the northern river and six at the bank of the southern river. Each of the villages had appropriate conditions based on the six factors used in the study. It should be noted that the population factor played the most important role. In short, other areas, that is, the suitable layers with the area of 211.64 km2including 23 villages, the fairly suitable layers with157.74 km2 and 20 villages and the unsuitable layer with 416.05 km2 and 38 villages and also the unsuitable layer of the district with 463.42 km2 and 31 villages were put in the next ranks. 5. SUGGESTIONS Based on the research findings, it is suggested that the study area particularly in the east and south-east is fairly suitable for building rural service centers. Therefore, we can provide the required location for stable rural development and growth in the district through appropriate choice and localization.