ارزيابي تعيين كننده‌هاي پايداري در نظام كشاورزي (مطالعه موردي: مناطق روستايي بخش مركزي شهرستان مينودشت)

(Analysis and evaluation the sustainability of agricultural system (Case study: rural areas of central district of Minoudasht County

توسعه پايدار و مستمر هر كشوري وابسته به پايداري نظام كشاورزي آن كشور است؛ بنابراين، دست يابي به نظام كشاورزي پايدار، يكي از سياست هاي مهم بخش كشاورزي كشورها است. پايداري نظام كشاورزي به عوامل متعددي بستگي دارد كه بررسي و شناسايي اين عوامل مي تواند در تدوين سياست ها و راهبردهاي كشاورزي پايدار نقش مهمي را ايفا كند. هدف از انجام اين پژوهش، شناسايي و ارزيابي عوامل موثر بر پايداري نظام كشاورزي است كه به صورت مطالعه موردي در مناطق روستايي بخش مركزي شهرستان مينودشت صورت گرفته است. روش تحقيق از نوع توصيفي- تحليلي و پيمايشي است كه با استفاده از جمع آوري داده ها از طريق روش هاي ميداني به دست آمده است. جامعه آماري اين تحقيق، سرپرستان خانوارهاي همه روستاهاي بخش مركزي شهرستان مينودشت هستند كه با استفاده از فرمول كوكران، از بين آن ها به صورت تصادفي نمونه اي به حجم 194 نفر انتخاب شد و با ابزار پرسشنامه مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. با هدف سنجش ضريب اعتبار پرسشنامه، آزمون پيش آهنگي انجام شد كه ضريب اطمينان آلفاي كرونباخ آن بيش از 79/0% به دست آمد. نتايج حاصل، از طريق تجزيه وتحليل هاي آماري در نرم افزار SPSS نشان مي-دهد كه پنج عامل حمايت هاي خدماتي- زيربنايي، عمليات زراعي پايدارمحور، اجتماعي- مشاركتي، اكولوژيك و اقتصادي مي توانند بيش از 58% از واريانس پايداري نظام كشاورزي را تبيين كنند كه در برنامه-ريزي ها توجه به اين عوامل، ضروري به نظر مي رسد.

1. INTRODUCTION Sustainable and continuous development of each country is depended to Sustainable of agricultural system. As food security, environmental security, improved economic status and overall survival and the life of the country will be possible to achieve a sustainable agriculture. Assess the sustainability of agriculture in rural areas as the focus of a significant share of the farmer population and the threats facing the sustainable development of agriculture, to be realistic plan for improving agricultural sustainability in action. In this regard rural areas of central district of Minoudasht township that has regions such as climatic and geographical conditions and farming as the main source of income and employment opportunities, appropriate development in rural regions is provided. So to achieve a sustainable agricultural system is one of the policies of the most important the countries agricultural sector. The sustainability of agricultural system has depends so many factors. Consideration and recognition these factors can play an important role in the formulation of policies and strategies for sustainable agriculture. Agriculture is one of the main economic sector which contributes 25% to GNP and 30% to employment in Iran. Food and fiber production constitutes as one of the national planning agenda, particularly as far as the food security and food self-sufficiency is concerned. This is crucial since the world population experiences an incremental trend on one hand, and limited soil and water resources on the other have attracted the attention of the decision makers on the importance of resource planning and management. Hence the aim of this study is identification and assessment the factors effective in the sustainability of agricultural system that in a case study have been in rural areas of Minudashat. 2. THEORETICAL BASES Generally, all single definition of sustainable agriculture that is accepted is very difficult. Agricultural policies in sustainable agriculture and natural resources to produce the maximum sustainable production in the short term and long-term continued to be pushed. Land of the Brandt report, entitled "Our Common Future" in 1987 and its culmination in 1992 in Rio de Janeiro will provide different definitions of sustainability and sustainable agriculture. Some experts and others looked on from the vision of sustainable ecological agriculture, ecological aspects of the term assurance beyond mere knowledge and its receptor in the areas of ethics, sustainable development, sustainable rural communities and institutions as well. Thus, sustainable agriculture to balance economic, ecological and rural cultures together is emphasized. 3. DISCUSSION Determining and assessing the sustainability of through a collection of variables are usually faced with two problems: A) Dependence between selected variables B) Not determined of significance of the coefficient (weight) each index. Because of two problems, were used the analysis method of the principal components which the most common method is in factorial analysis and the aim of solving the problem of interdependence a collection of variables and summarization some of the main components (Factor). Factor is a new variable which is cause to determine the dimensions infrastructural of this study after this stage the research; reduction of volume the indices introduced, extraction and identification of the factors of main compound and nomination and data preparation, in the second phase of the study, cluster analysis method was used. This method allows the researcher that based on the equal between the cases or subjects in the study, them to appropriately classified, and then it will explained. 4. CONCLUSION The results obtained from statistical analysis in SPSS software shows that five factors infrastructural support services, sustainable agronomical operations-orientation, social-participation, ecological and economical are able which more than 58% of the variance can explain the sustainability of agricultural system that infrastructural support services factor the most important role for about 22 percent is allocated. Assessment of the farmers in terms of enjoyment and sustainability of agricultural system in the region also show that 16 percent of farmers have been in very unstable group, 35.5 percent in unstable group, 26 percent in somewhat stable .16.5 percent in stable group and 6 percent in totally stable group. 5. SUGGESTIONS -Attention and the emphasis on service development and village facilities and the widespread support of rural community and adopting of the policies to improve the quality of life in rural areas. - Expand and enhance of promotional & training programs in the quantitative and qualitative dimensions and use of communication channels and informing to the farmers about the use of the methods of sustainable agronomical operations. -The more expansion of cooperative and collaborative activities between farmers and to attract their actual participation. -Integration of agricultural lands to improve agricultural mechanization and improving the management of rural resources and agricultural especially water resources management as an asset and vital input. -According to the economic factor and profitability in sustainability of agricultural system.