پوشاك ايراني ايزد مهر، نمادي شرقي در فرهنگ و تجليات ميترا در غرب

Iranian Garment of Izad Mehr and its Influence on Mithraism and Christianity

پوشاك مردمان ِايران زمين در دوران باستان از مواردي است كه نقش بسزايي در فرهنگِ اين سرزمين ايفا مي كند و در پوشاك ايزدمهر، الگوي ايراني را مي توان ديد. با حضور اين كيش در اروپا، پوشاك ايراني مهر به عنوان لباس ميتراي غربي در نقش معروف تاوركتوني (گاو كشي) متجلي شده است. پس از حضور كيش مهر در اروپا، مسيحيت ظهور كرد و علي رغم عناد مسيحيان و از بين بردن مظاهر مهرپرستي، اين آيين در دل مسيحيت متبلور، استحاله گرديد و موجب شد تا عناصر آن در نهاد اين دين رسوخ كند كه امروزه به عنوان اصلي ترين و شناخته شده ترين عناصر و نمادهاي آن به شمار مي آيند. يكي از اين عناصر، پوشاك و كلاه ويژه ي مهرپرستان است كه حتي در جزييات نيز مسيحيت از آن پيروي تام كرده است. رنگ ارغواني برگرفته از پوشاك اشرافي هخامنشيان و لباس ايزدمهر كه امروزه به عنوان رنگي مقدس در لباس پاپ و كاردينال ها است، نمونه اي از اين تجليات است. در اين مقاله، ابتدا پوشاك ايزد مهر با توجه به ماهيت ايراني آن و سپس سير تحول و تطور آن در ميتراي غربي و پوشاك مسيحيت مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است.

One of the most ancient religious rituals expanded throughout many Asian and European countries was Mehr Faith or so called western Mithraism According to the ancient texts, it has Iranian roots but the lack of documents including bas-relief or artistic works in general as well as the scarcity of remnants has caused the historians to be doubtful and skeptic about its origin to the extent that even some researchers have brought up the theories signifying that what they have in the west as the Mithraism is different from that of Iranians. Never the less, varieties of dimensions of this ideology have so far been disclosed enough to wipe out the ambiguity dust from history. The main reason for not having sufficient proofs about Mithraism is its mysterious entity from one side and its coincidence with the two major contemporaneous religions of Christianity and Zoroastrianism from the other side. So these objections could be the main causes for many worthy historical documents including movable and immovable properties to be obliterated. The idea of this research is first to study about the conformity of the Iranian costume of Izad e Mehr (Mehr Deity) regarding its designs with the traditional dress of ancient tribes based on the documentaries in hand to trace its very origin. For instance there is a different type of traditional tribal dress in Persepolis (Takht- e – jamshid) high reliefs that demonstrate the costumes and dress design like sakaeid and Mad dress that influence on Mehr garment and as result on western Mithras dress and finally on Christianity garment and continue to these days that use for holy ceremony of Christianity as dress of pop and cardinals. Second, to compare it with the type of costumes depicted on the remnants of patterns and high-relief left from the bull sacrificing ceremony (Tauroctony) after the presence of this religion in the west to indicate and prove its Iranian origin. And finally to review the commonalities of some costume elements of Mithraism with primitive Christianity and church authorities’ dressings based on the transmutation of Mehr religion or Mithraism with the very soul of Christianity. For instance you can see these Mithraism elements in painting of Christianity that holy Jesus put garment like Mehr that is even so similar in detail, form, color (the red color that especially used by Akamenid kings and aristocrats in their specific ceremonies as sign of patrician) and that’s especially red cape and even nowadays(this cape was known as cape of liberty after that in Rome the murderer of Cesar used it) we can see that cape in frigid cap that called mitre in popʹs garment in religious ceremony. This perhaps could be one step forward to have a better understanding of such mysterious religion and clarifying the sign that shows oriental essence of Mithras that was in ambiguity for the repetitious year. The essay is a study utilizing the analytical and descriptive style of research and the collection of subjects and information is through library and documentation procedure.