معماري مبتني بر بوم – استفاده از مدل هاي شناختي لايه اي در روند طراحي پارامتريك (نمونه موردي: سايت در كوير مرنجاب)

Ecological-based architecture using cognitive layer models in parametric design (Case Study: The site of Maranjab desert (

نگاه ابزاري و تخصص‌گرايانه به حرفه‌ معماري در ساليان اخير باعث تقليل مقام و هويت معماري ايراني گشته است. به دليل تقليد بيش از حد و چشم‌بسته از معماري و فرهنگ غربي در روش طراحي معماري، شاهد بناهايي با هويت غير ايراني هستيم كه منظر شهري-روستايي را خدشه‌دار كرده‌اند. بناهايي كه به واسطه پيروي از روش‌هاي طراحي نامرتبط، غير بومي و تقليد صرف از سبك‌هاي بين‌ا‌لمللي هيچ گونه احساس تعلقي نسبت به آن‌ها وجود نداشته و برآورده نشدن انتظارات هويتي- بومي را از فن و معماري به دنبال دارد. به همين دليل در پي يافتن روشي در روند طراحي هستيم تا با بهره‌گيري از پارامترهاي محيطي- معنايي به انكشافي مجدد در محيط نايل شويم. در اين مسير با كشف لايه‌هاي ذهني- عيني در محيط مانند بوم، معنا و جغرافيا به دنبال نوعي جامع‌انديشي و كلي‌نگري هستيم كه همزمان به تمامي پارامترهاي موجود پاسخ و هويتي مناسب ببخشيم. بهره‌گيري از مباني معماري پارامتريك در روند طراحي بومي- منطقه‌اي به كمك مدل‌ها و نقشه‌هاي شناختي كمي و كيفي اساس اين تحقيق را شكل مي‌دهند. پس از بازشناسي لايه‌هاي موجود در بستر طبيعي سايت، لايه‌ها به دو دسته‌ ظاهري و معنايي تجزيه شده و با استفاده از نرم افزار AutoCAD به عناصر قابل درك شامل نقطه، خط و سطح در هر لايه تبديل مي‌شوند. در مرحله‌ بعد لايه‌هاي استخراج شده مجددا تركيب و بر روي يكديگر قرار مي‌گيرند. همزمان طراح لايه‌هاي شناختي حاصل از ذهن خود را به مجموعه‌ حاصل افزوده و تصميمات نهايي را جهت نحوه‌ تركيب لايه‌ها و انتخاب طرح نهايي اتخاذ مي‌كند.

Humble look to the profession of architecture has reduced the position and identity of Iranian architecture in recent years. Due to the blind and extensive imitation of the Western culture over the design in architecture, we are facing buildings with non-Iranian identities that have hurt urban and rural landscapes. The buildings that create no feeling of belonging due to the imitation of Western style architecture. The main point of this research is the use of site layers in designing process and combining them with different understandings of completely Iranian identity. This is the story of how the final design is affected by each layer and how the proposed model connects the past, the present and the future. In this way, by identifying the subjective - objective layers in the environment such as ecology and geography, we are looking for a plan to meet all the present parameters and give a proper identity simultaneously. The purpose is how to use quantitative - qualitative models in parametric design process under Meta system. Ecological-orientation has been selected as Meta system in this project. This means that all conscious and unconscious processes are filtered by ecological factors and then take place in the design process. The principles of this research are parametric architecture exploiting in design process of ecological-regional models using quantitative-qualitative cognitive maps. The Maranjab Desert is selected as a sample and the studies have been performed. After recognizing the existing layers in the natural site, the layers of both appearance and semantic are analyzed and then converted to the comprehensible elements including point, line and surface of each layer using AutoCAD software. The extracted layers are then combined with the cognitive layers of the designer mind. Combining of extracted site layers is based on the influence of different layers on each other. In every combination, one layer is an indicator and effects on the final output. There are more choices in this method for a designer. Each layer indicator makes a different geometry than its previous plan. In part of the decision-making process, the "Accidence concept" has also been considered. The paradigms are resulted by the designer decision and conscious "Accidence concept" which is also controlled by the designer. The process is interactive and reciprocal. Due to its planning subject and physical program, "scaling" process decides about the sub-space of the layers and influence on the combinations. This method is designed to explore the potential ecology and revival of traditional concepts. It is also used in the archetype in the parametric process to create a single consistent model with the aggregation of the mentioned items. The research methods are descriptive - analytical and quantitative - qualitative.