چرايي و فرايند تبديل شدن اقلّيت‌گرايي مذهبي به تهديد امنيتي

Why and What Is the Process under Which Religious Minoritism Turns into a Security Threat

‌ارايه تصويري درست و نظام‌مند از علل، زمينه‌ها و چرايي شكل‌گيري جريانهاي قومي- مذهبي و بررسي علمي فرايند تبديل شدن فعاليت آنها به تهديد امنيتي مي‌تواند علاوه بر كمك به تصميم‌گيري مفيدتر و موثرتر، موجب انباشت آگاهي و ايجاد ساختاري دانش‌بنياد در حوزه مطالعات امنيتي شود. از سوي ديگر، يكي از مهم‌ترين تهديدهاي امنيت ملي در سطح كشور، رويكرد خاصي از فرقه‌گرايي مذهبي مبتني بر برجستگي هويت مذهبي و سياسي شدن اقلّيت مذهبي در جامعه است كه عنوان «اقلّيت‌گرايي مذهبي» معرّف آن است. اين جريان با كارويژه و عقبه ايديولوژيكي خاص خود به واسطه به چالش كشيدن هويت ملي، قطبي شدن جامعه را در پي داشته و در نهايت با مخدوش كردن انسجام ملي، امنيت ملي را تهديد مي‌كند. مقاله حاضر براي رصد و تقرير تحليلي و نظام‌مند اين مسيله، كوشش كرده نخست علل، زمينه‌ها و چرايي شكل‌گيري جريان اقلّيت‌گراي مذهبي را مورد كاوش و مطالعه تحليلي قرار داده، پس از آن به بيان فرايند تبديل يك اقلّيت مذهبي خنثي در جامعه به يك جريان اقلّيت‌گراي امنيتي بپردازد.

The Constitution counts as the most important factor that determines the courses of political, economical, social and cultural movements in the country. In the Constitution, the general principles governing public order in the society and the bonds between people are configured in the form of a mutual relationship based on ‘right and obligation’, where practicing them would lead to values and norms that have been taken into account as ideals and objectives in the Constitution. In order to explain the legal backgrounds for economical Jihad, it is necessary that the existing factors that can contribute to realizing economic Jihad be identified by studying and analyzing the Constitution, specially its economic principles. So, the main question in this article is “what are the backgrounds that can contribute to realizing the economic Jihad?” The Constitution is the instrument for designing and implementing the economic system in the country, specifying the broad outlines of the planned movement in specific situations and conditions, including Jihad-like ones. It follows that economic requirements as specified in the Constitution can be explained on two levels: The first level includes objectives including economic and social justice, human dignity and economic independence for the achievement of which economic Jihadists should work hard. The second one sets out the strategies as intended by the Constitution- including social cooperation, acquiring knowledge and fostering a spirit of initiative and innovation, public supervision and social monitoring- the achievement of which requires Jihadists to achieve the objectives set out in the first level.