تبيين و بررسي گستره ظهور و دلالت آيه جواز چند ‌همسري

Elucidation and Study of the Expanse of Appearance and Indication of the Aya on the Permissibility of Polygamy

از دير باز ميان مفسران در دلالت آيه چند ‌همسري (و ان خفتم الا تقسطوا في اليتامي فانكحوا ما طاب لكم من النسا مثني و ثلاث و رباع) به ويژه نسبت ميان شرط و جزا در آن گفتگو بوده است. آرا و اقوال و احتمال‌هاي متعددي در تصحيح اين نسبت بيان شده است. روايتي مبني بر اسقاط ثلث قرآن در ميانه شرط و جزا و نيز جابجايي آيات به ابهام در معناي آيه دامن زده است. فقها به جهت ضروري انگاشتن جواز چند‌همسري به نحوه دلالت اين آيه كمتر پرداخته‌اند. اين مقاله ضمن تبيين گستره ظهور و دلالت اين آيه، دو ديدگاه عمده (علامه طباطبايي و فخر رازي) در نسبت شرط و جزا را طرح و نقد كرده آن‌گاه قول سومي را در آيه تقويت و تثبيت كرده است كه حسب آن آيه براي مرداني كه از به عهده گرفتن سرپرستي يتيمان به جهت تعدي به حقوق و اموالشان بيمناكند جواز چند‌همسري را مطرح مي‌كند تا بتوانند در پرتو حضور زنان كه كانون عاطفه و محبتند به رسيدگي و تربيت صحيح كودكان يتيم اقدام كنند.

Since long ago, there have been discourses among the exegetes concerning the indication of the aya on polygamy (If you fear that you may not deal justly with the orphans, then marry [other] women that you like, two, three, or four), especially regarding the relation between the condition and the result. Various opinions, statements, and probabilities have been expressed in correcting this relation. A tradition based on the relinquishment of one third of the Qur’an in the middle of condition and result as well as the replacement of the verses has aggravated the ambiguity of the meaning of the aya. In order to keep essential the permissibility of polygamy, the jurists have dealt less with the indication of this aya. Explaining the expanse of the appearance and indication of this aya, the present article has brought up and criticized the two major viewpoints (of ‘Allama Tabasaba’i) on the relation between condition and result and then has proved and reinforced the third viewpoint in the aya, according to which the aya has proposed the permissibility of polygamy for the men who fear undertaking the guardianship of orphans would lead to the violation of their rights and properties, so that they can, in light of the women’s presence, who are a source of emotion and kindness, deal with the proper training and educating the orphan children.