مطالعات گردشگري روستايي در ايران: ارايه‌ي تحليلي اسنادي از مقالات انتشاريافته‌ي فارسي

Rural Tourism Studies in Iran: A Documentary Analysis of Published Articles in Persian Journals

گردشگري پديده‌اي نو شناخته مي‌شود كه از نيمه‌ي سده‌ي بيستم به‌تدريج همگام با گسترش آن در فضاهاي روستايي وارد ادبيات علمي مطالعات روستايي شده است. اين روند نخست از كشورهاي توسعه‌يافته‌ي اروپايي و آمريكاي شمالي آغاز گرديد و در دو دهه‌ي اخير مورد توجه پژوهشگران و مسيولان توسعه‌ي روستايي كشورهاي درحال توسعه و از جمله ايران واقع شده است. بررسي‌هاي به‌عمل‌آمده در اين پژوهش نشان مي دهد كه پيشينه‌ي اين موضوع در ايران به آغاز دهه‌ي 1380 باز مي گردد و در چند سال گذشته رشد قابل ملاحظه اي در محافل علمي-دانشگاهي يافته است. اين پژوهش با روش اسنادي به‌طور خاص، سوابق مطالعاتي گردشگري روستايي در حوزه نشريات علمي-پژوهشي كشور را تجزيه و تحليل مي كند و با طرح پرسش هاي كليدي، چه چيزي يا چه موضوعي؟ چرا يا چه مساله اي؟ كِي يا چه زماني؟ در كجا؟ چه كساني و با چه تخصصي؟ در پي شناخت و تحليل ويژگي‌هاي كلي حاكم بر مطالعات گردشگري روستايي است. يافته‌ها بيانگر 136 اثر علمي- پژوهشي چاپ‌شده در مجلات علمي-پژوهشي كشور تا پايان تير ماه 1392 است و بيشترين پژوهش‌ها در استان‌هاي تهران و مازندران انجام شده است. مجموعه‌ي مطالعات انجام شده قابل تقسيم به پنج محور برنامه ريزي و توسعه‌ي گردشگري، آثار و پيامدهاي گردشگري، ارزشگذاري اقتصادي گردشگري، تحليل گسترش جغرافيايي و سنجش پايداري گردشگري است. 66.17 درصد از كل مطالعات انجام شده داراي روش‌شناسي كمّي است. مهم‌ترين اشكال مطالعه شده شامل گردشگري خانه‌هاي دوم و طبيعت گردي مي شود.

Introduction Tourism is a modern phenomenon that gradually entered rural spaces from mid twentieth century consistent with its geographical expansion and consequently entered in academic literature of rural studies. First this trend was initiated from developed countries of Europe and North America. Then In the past two decades be considered by scholars and authorities of rural development in developing countries. In Iran, background study on rural tourism goes back to early years of the twenty-first century. And in the past few years has obtained significant growth in scientific and academic assemblies; although until now not found considerable status in national development policies. This research by documentary methodology and with particular emphasis on scientific studies that published in Persian journals investigates general features of rural tourism literature in Iran; And by providing key questions, what? Why? When? Where? Who? Try to explore identification and analysis general characteristics that are dominant in rural tourism studies. Most of the early studies in rural tourism related to complex changes of modern era, including all dimension of economic, political, social - cultural and technological, economic, political, socio - cultural and technological, etc.; the backgrounds that gradually provide appropriate conditions for mass tourism development from years after World War II. Since that time until the late twentieth century different discourses and approaches raised in context of rural tourism studies, that some concludes them under the four platforms. First of them was “advocacy” platform that featured mostly economic prospects of tourism and accentuated on its benefits. Second, “Cautionary Platform” focused on the socio-cultural aspects of tourism and brought benefits of tourism under scrutiny. Third “Adaptec Platform”, when both the positive and negative aspects of tourism had been conjured, research attention was drawn on those alternative forms of tourism developments which were potentially sustainable, with minimal unwanted consequences. Finally, “Knowledge-base Platform” maintains bridges with others but the goal is to form a scientific body of knowledge on tourism.