آيكونوگرافي نماد پلنگ و مار در آثار جيرفت

The Iconography of Leopard and Snake Symbol of Jiroft Artifacts During the 3rd Millennium B.C.

برخي آثار باستاني، حامل ارزش‌ها و پيام‌هاي نهادينه‌ايست كه بر اساس باورها و اعتقادات بشر كهن، در قالب آثار هنري و در تار و پود نقش‌هاي آن‌ها، تجسم يافته‌اند و براي درك معنايي اين نقوش كهن، نياز به شناخت مولفه‌هاي نماديني است كه زماني، چون زبان كلامي، معنايي مشخص در فرهنگ‌هاي كهن داشتند و به نوعي بازنمودي از باورهاي اسطوره‌اي بودند. در اين راستا آيكونولوژي مي‌كوشد تا مولفه‌هاي نمادين را كه به‌صورت مكرر و مسلط و بر اساس فرهنگ‌هاي گوناگون، بازنمايي يافته‌اند، با ارايه‌ي روشي علمي تفسير نموده، و معناي اين مولفه‌ها را روشن و بر اساس تحليل و رده‌بندي آيكونوگرافيك آن‌ها، به ارزش‌هاي نمادين فرهنگي دست يابد. مولفه‌هاي نمادين در نظام نمادين زباني به شكل كلامي، تصويري و يا رفتاري خود را باز مي‌نمايند و اگرچه آيكونولوژي پژوهشي درباره‌ي محتواي تصاوير است، اما اساساً درپي ارتباط اين مولفه‌ها در نظام گسترده‌تر نمادين فرهنگي است. اين مقاله مي‌كوشد به ياري روش آيكونوگرافي به درك معنايي نقش نمادين پلنگ و مار در دست ساخته‌هاي سنگ كلريتي جيرفت (هزاره سوم ق.م) بپردازد. دراين راستا، پيش از هر چيز نياز به درك بافت فرهنگي اين دوران و شيوه‌هاي بازنمود باورهاي آن است. به‌همين منظور از طريق آيكونوگرافي به باور مسلط ايزدبانوي بزرگ در اين دوران و تاثير و تاثر چنين باوري در نقش‌مايه‌هاي تصويري به‌ويژه نقش پلنگ و مار خواهيم پرداخت.

Based on ancient human believes, some cultural artifacts contain some values on which artistic forms have been visualized. Aiming to understand these, it is necessary to know the symbolic markers which sometimes had distinct meanings in ancient cultures, as a verbal language, were representative of especial meaning of mythological believes. Iconology is trying to clarify the significance of these symbolic markers which based on different cultures were repeatedly the represented and interpret them via scientific method aiming to clarify these meaning and getting to know their cultural values based on the iconographic classification and analysis. In symbolic linguistic system, the symbolic markers represent themselves as a word, image, or a behavior in a metaphoric system; although iconology is a research on the content of the images, but basically, it’s an attempt to understand the relationship between these markers in a broader symbolic metaphorical cultural system. Having iconological approach, the current paper trying to understand the symbolic significance of leopards and snakes in the chlorite artifacts of Jiroft in the 3rd millennium B.C. Aiming to getting that and understanding the cultural context and the representative methods of its believes of the period are required. The dominance belief of the Great Goddess and its influence on figurative motives especially the role of leopards and snakes in that period will be mentioned via iconography. Based on ancient human believes, some cultural artifacts contain some values on which artistic forms have been visualized. Aiming to understand these, it is necessary to know the symbolic markers which sometimes had distinct meanings in ancient cultures, as a verbal language, were representative of especial meaning of mythological believes. Iconology is trying to clarify the significance of these symbolic markers which based on different cultures were repeatedly the represented and interpret them via scientific method aiming to clarify these meaning and getting to know their cultural values based on the iconographic classification and analysis. In symbolic linguistic system, the symbolic markers represent themselves as a word, image, or a behavior in a metaphoric system; although iconology is a research on the content of the images, but basically, it’s an attempt to understand the relationship between these markers in a broader symbolic metaphorical cultural system. Having iconological approach, the current paper trying to understand the symbolic significance of leopards and snakes in the chlorite artifacts of Jiroft in the 3rd millennium B.C. Aiming to getting that and understanding the cultural context and the representative methods of its believes of the period are required. The dominance belief of the Great Goddess and its influence on figurative motives especially the role of leopards and snakes in that period will be mentioned via iconography.