چگونگي حل و فصل اختلافات محيط‌زيستي ناشي از تجارت جهاني در قالب نظام حقوقي حل اختلاف WTO

Settlement of environmental disputes from the world trade with the context of WTO settlement mechanism

اختلافات در مسايل محيط‌زيستي بين ملت ها و گروه هاي ذينفع و حتي نهادهاي متخصص همچنان باقي است و همچنين وجود اختلافات محيط‌زيستي ناشي از تجارت جهاني به عنوان يك منبع بالقوه عدم ثبات بين المللي و تهديدي براي صلح و امنيت بين المللي محسوب مي شود و با توجه به حساسيت موضوع حفاظت از محيط زيست و اينكه نظام و روح حقوق محيط زيست مبتني بر اصول پيشگيرانه و جلوگيري است، در نتيجه بايد صلاحيت و كفايت نظام حل و فصل اختلافات سازمان تجارت جهاني در مواجهه با مسايل محيط‌زيستي احراز شود. ما در اين پژوهش به بررسي چگونگي تاثير منازعات بين المللي شامل مسايل محيط‌زيستي بر روي توسعه حقوق بين الملل محيط زيست و نقش هيات هاي حل و فصل اختلافات محيط‌زيستي در سازمان تجارت جهاني از طريق مرور و بررسي منابع كتابخانه اي و مقاله هاي تخصصي داخلي و خارجي مي پردازيم و همچنين بازده سازماني نظام حل و فصل اختلافات سازمان تجارت جهاني در مقابل چنين اختلافاتي و تاثير آن بر مسايل محيط‌‌زيستي را از طريق تطبيق منابع و مقايسه نتايج حاصله با معيار هاي مورد نظر بررسي خواهيم كرد. نتايج اين مطالعه نشان مي دهد كه چه روش ها و رويه هاي مختلفي براي حل و فصل اختلافات در نظام حل اختلاف سازمان تجارت جهاني وجود دارد و به بررسي معضلات برخورد با مسايل محيط‌‌زيستي و قطعيت حكم ها و مكانيسم هاي اجرايي در نظام حل اختلاف سازمان تجارت جهاني مي پردازد.

Environmental dispute among nations and beneficiaries or even the procedural organizations still subsist, beside environmental dispute due to world trade in form of the dispute settlement system of World Trade Organization treated as an effective source of international instability and a threat to peace and international security. Concerning the importance of environmental issues and the fact that the system and the nature of environmental rights are based on precautionary and preventive bases, not the redress methods as a subject of public international rights which has not much efficiency in international environmental rights; hence the competence and qualification of WTO’s Dispute Settlement System on encountering the environmental issues should be evaluated. In this research the impact of international conflicts including the environmental issues and their impact on environmental international rights development and the role of the environmental dispute settlement committees in WTO will be studied by the help of reviewing the library sources and in-house and external professional essays. Moreover the efficiency of WTO’s Dispute Settlement System facing such argument and its impact on environmental issues and rectification of the environmental loss will be study as well as the effect of advisory opinion of Trade and Environmental Committee, Unesco‘s plan on jury’s or appellate decisions of WTO’s Dispute Settlement System via balancing resources further to comparing the out coming results with the desired criterion. End result of this study indicates what approaches and method are engaged in WTO’s Dispute Settlement System for argument resolution and define the schedule and costs for resolving the environmental disputes, definitive sentences and administrative mechanism of WTO’s Dispute Settlement System