نمادهاي گل و گياه در قرآن و ادبيات تطبيقي

Flora in the Holy Quran and Literature

قرن‌هاي مديدي است كه گل و گياه مظهر زيبايي به شمار رفته، و مردم جهت نشان‌كردن و ضرب‌المثل‌زدن به عنوان نماد موجودي دلربا آن‌ها را به كار مي‌برند؛ مثلاً گويند: «هلوي پوست‌كنده»، و چشمان نرگس، و قد و قامت سرو. بارها و بارها در فرهنگ‌ها و ديوان‌ها ابياتي زيبا با استعاره و تشبيه مضامين كاملي را بيان مي كند كه نثر در بيان آن‌ها خاموش و خمود است. هر كدام از شعراي عصور گذشته تا شعراي معاصر از اين گل‌ها و گياهان زيبا به طراوت و زيبايي و رنگ‌آميزي خيال‌پروري كرده‌اند، و قرآن نيز چنين مي‌فرمايد: ?الَم تَرَ انَّ اللهَ انزلَ مِن السَّما ِ ما ً فَسَلكَهُ يَنابيعَ فِي الارضِ ثُمَّ يُخرجُ به زَرعاً مُختلِفاً الوانُهُ ثُمَّ يَهيجُ فَتَراهُ مُصفَرّاً ثَمَّ يَجعَلُهُ حُطاماً انَّ في ذلكَ لَذِكرَي لاولِي الالباب?(زمر/21).

For many centuries flora, flowers and plants, have been the symbols of beauty, and people have used them as signs of attractive beings and entities. For instance, in Persian, peaches, narcissus, and cedar have been repeatedly used in relation to a loved one’s skin, eyes, and height, and have created such attractive similes and metaphors unrivaled by almost all prosaic composition. In a couplet we read: That cedar which is likened to your height/ Can never take a single step toward you. Each and every one of past and present poets has painted such striking images based on plants and flowers as the symbols of beauty and freshens.In the Holy Quran, too, we read, “Did you not behold that Allah has descended water from the Heavens to form springs on the Earth that would extract plants in variant colors, then making it flood in a yellowish muddy color destroying earth, verily there are holy signs in that for the Wise.” (Zummar: 21)