جايگاه و اهميت توحيد و اخلاق در سير دعوت رسول خدا(ص)

The Status and Importance of Tawheed (Islamic Monotheism) and Ethics in the Prophet’s Invitation Process

با نگرشي به سير دعوت رسول خدا(ص) و رهنمودهاي قرآني، در مي‌يابيم كه حضرت حق در اين مسير، ابتدا به توحيد، سپس به اخلاق و پس از آن دو به احكام و فقه توجه دارد. بديهي است دعوت به توحيد و يكتاپرستي زير بناي آيين‌هاي الهي و توحيدي است و تا بشر به پرستش خداي واحد و يكتاپرستي دعوت نشود، ساير اعمال و دعوتها ابتر خواهد بود. در ترتيب نزول قرآن نيز قرآن كريم آياتي كه در مكه نازل شده، به لحاظ محتوا داراي مفاهيمي توحيدي، دعوت مردم به پرستش خداي يكتا و دوري از شرك‌و بت‌پرستي است و پس از آن، دعوت مومنان به تقواي الهي و اخلاق اهميت ويژه‌اي مي‌يابد. رسول‌خدا(ص) هم بر اين اساس نيز در اولين مرحله ابلاغ رسالت، بر كوه صفا سخن از توحيد گفت و اينكه خدايي جز خداي يكتا نيست. سپس كوشيد تا با توجه ويژه به اخلاق، به تهذيب جامعه از رذايل اخلاقي بپردازد. اما پس از اين دو پروسه، خداي رحمان در آيات مدني به مسايل مربوط به احكام و فقه مي‌پردازد. درحقيقت بااين عمل تقّدم توحيد و اخلاق را درسيردعوت رسول خدا(ص) بر فقه وا حكام اعلام مي فرمايد.

Reviewing the Holy Koran’s guidelines and how the Holy Prophet’s invitation proceeded, one can find that God the Almighty underlines, before, Tawheed (Islamic monotheism) and then ethics, and finally the Islamic jurisprudence and laws. It is evident that calling to monotheism serves as a foundation of divine and monotheistic religions, and as long as human is not called to worship the One God and to behave monotheistically, all the other actions and invitations shall be cut off. The Holy Koran has been sent down in two phases, namely wholly (the whole Koran was revealed at the same time) and gradually (in the course of 23 years), in the latter case of which Verses and Surahs were sent down first in Mecca and then in Medina. Conceptually, those verses sent down in Mecca build on monotheistic concepts, such as calling people to worship the One God and to avoid worshiping idols ,and then, calling the believers to practice divine piety which assumes more importance. The Messenger of God based his invitation on this basis. Initially, in the first phase of his mission, he spoke about monotheism on Mount Safa, and that there is no God but the One God, then he made all his efforts to purge the then community of it’s immoralities, But, with these two processes out of the way, the Beneficent God, in the verses in medina addresses questions about the Islamic jurisprudence and laws, more in fact, to announce that Tawheed (Islamic monotheism) and ethics during the Prophet’s invitation have priority to Islamic jurisprudence and laws.