آثار حقوقي ادعاي مالكيت شخص ثالث نسبت به مبيع در حقوق ايران مصر انگليس

the legal rights of the thired party claim regarding owenersgip of the object of sale in the iranian egyption and british laws

اثر عقد بيع بع عنوان مهمترين عقد تمليكي ،انتقال مالكيت مبيع از فروشنده به خريدار است و ادعاي مالكيت مبيع از سوي شخص ثالث،آثار مزبور را متزلزل ميكند. مقررات حاكم در حقوق ايران در بحث معاملات فضولي و ضمان درك، دلالت بر اين دارد كه نتيجه چنين ادعايي، بطلان كامل عقد بيع و بازگشت وضعيت به حال سابق (قبل از انعقاد عقد) است و بر همين اساس لازم است كليه حقوق مدعي ثالث (مالك) تامين شود و اصل مال (مبيع) در اختيار هر يك از طرفين باشد به وي مسترد شده و كليه خسارات وارده و منافع جبران شود. اما از سوي ديگر خريدار (اصيل) فقط مي تواند همان ثمن پرداختي قبلي، هر چند با قدرت خريد بسيار كمتر، و در صورت جهل به تعلق مبيع به ديگري، خسارات دادرسي و مانند آن را مطالبه كند. در واقع مقررات فعلي مبتني بر رويكرد حمايتي نسبت به (مالك) است به نحوي كه حقوق اصيل نيز تابعي از كيفيت استيفاي حقوق مالك تلقي مي شود چرا كه منتفي شدن رابطه عقدي متبايعين، مانع از مطالبات قراردادي خريدار از فروشنده شده و خريدار صرفاً بايد در پي استرداد ثمن قبلي و بازيافت وضعيت سابق باشد، لذا اتخاذ موضعي مانند (بطلان نسبي) قرارداد در اين موارد، كه در حقوق مصر به تبعيت از حقوق فرانسه پذيرفته شده

The Legal Rights of the Third Party Claim Regarding Ownership of the Object of Sale In the Iranian, Egyptian and British laws Hossein Safaee Mohsen Pourabdollah Abstract: Contract of sale is the most important possessory contract which refers to the property transfer of an object of sale from seller to buyer. Third party claim regarding the ownership of an object of sale will undermine the effectiveness of the aforementioned rights. Regulations governing the Iranian law concerning meddle deals and defects warrantor implies that such claim will result in total cancellation of the contract of sale and the status will return to what was previously (i.e prior to conclusion of the agreement). Accordingly, it is essential to secure entire rights of the claim asserted by third party (owner), refund the original property (object of sale) to the party that possess it, and compensate for all the losses. The original buyer, however, can only request the price previously paid, expenses of judicial proceedings and the like, albeit with much less buying power and in case of ignorance that object of sale belonged to someone else. In fact, the current regulations are based on a supportive approach to the benefit of “owner”, so that rights of the original buyer are considered submissive to quality of the rights demanded by the owner; because nullification of the agreement between the dealers will hamper contractual claims of the seller against the buyer. In other words, the buyer can merely pursue the price previously paid and regain the former status. Therefore, the condition of “nullité partielle” of contract in such cases is similarly recognized in the Egyptian law that actually originates from the French version of law, based on which the contractual relationship between buyer and seller is distinguished from their relationship with the owner and its validity remains despite the nullity regarding the owner. Partial nullity (nullité partielle) can promote the supportive approach in benefit of the original bona fide buyer and become more compatible with the principles of justice and fairness. Keywords: third party, ownership, Iranian law, British law, Egyption law