ملاك و چگونگي به كارگيري تقيه دردوره حضورمعصومان عليهم السلام

Criteria and Applicability of Taqiyyah in the Presence of Innocents

تقيه يكي از باورهاي شيعه است و در جايي قابل اعمال مي باشدكه جان يا مال و يا عِرض شخص در خطرِ تعرض دشمن بوده و حفظ آن منوط به اظهارسخن يا عملي برخلاف موازين مسلّم ديني باشد. امامان معصوم نه تنها اجازه داده اندكه به اين حكم عمل شود بلكه خود بدان عمل نموده تا جايي كه پاره اي از روايات متضمن حكم شرعي براساس تقيه صادر گشته و لذا نمي تواند مستند حكمي، تحت عنوان سنت، قرارگيرد. از سويي فقها، بسياري ازروايات مخالف با نظر مشهور و موافق با نظر اهل سنت را حمل برتقيه كرده و بدان عمل ننموده، درحالي كه نظر غيرمشهور منطبق يا مستند به آن روايات مي باشد. لذااين سوال؛ به جدّ، مطرح مي شود كه چه باعث شده كه امام(ع)تقيه نمايد، درحالي كه شان حضرتش، در مقام بيان احكام و حفظ حوزه دين، چون پيامبراست و پيامير تقيه نكرده وگرنه نقض غرض مي شده؟ فرضيه اثبات شده در پاسخ اين پرسش اين است كه ملاك تقيه با توجه به متن روايات و عمل معصومان(ع) به خطر افتادن موقعيت شيعه در امر حكومت بوده و بنابراين رواياتي را مي توان حمل برتقيه كرد كه مربوط به احكام فقهي مرتبط باشوون حاكم باشد و نه هر روايت مخالف با نظر مشهور و موافق با ديدگاه اهل سنت.

Taqiyyah is one of Shiites? beliefs. It is applicable where a personʹs property, life, or prestige is prone to the threat of an enemy and preserving them shall be subject to produce a statement or practice contrary to the absolute religious rules. Innocent Imams have not only authorized to act according to this order, but also they have adhered to it so that some traditions which guarantee religious orders have been issued based on Taqiyyah. Therefore, an order cannot be documented based on the tradition. On the other hand, jurists deem many of the traditions that are contrary to the famous view and in conformity to the view of Sunnis as Taqiyyah and hence, did do act accordingly. However, the infamous view conforms to those traditions or can be documented to them. This question is then raised seriously as what caused Imam (peace be upon him) to develop Taqiyyah although his position in announcing the orders and safeguarding the religion is like the Prophet. But the Prophet did not Taqiyyah, otherwise it would be regarded as violation of the intention. The hypothesis proven to answer this question is that according to the texts of narrations and traditions of innocents Imams (peace be upon them), the basis of Taqiyyah was that the situation of Shiite in the government was jeopardized. Therefore, the traditions can be regarded as Taqiyyah that are related to jurisprudence orders in relation with the governing prestige and not any tradition contrary to the well-known opinions that agree with the views of Sunni people.