بررسي كتاب ايضاح الخير المحض و تاثير آن در تاريخ فلسفه اسلامي

A Study of Idah al-Khayr al-Mahd and its Influence over the History of Islamic Philosophy

كتاب الخيرالمحض برگرفته از پايه‌هاي الهيات برقلس برغم حجم كمش بهمراه اثولوجيا بيشترين تاثير را در فلسفه اسلامي برجاي نهاده است. برقلس در اين رساله مسايل را در حوزه‌هاي علت اولي، عقول و نفوس مطرح كرده‌ كه نزد فيلسوفان مسلمان پذيرفته شده است. برقلس با طرح چهار بخشي علت اولي، وجود، عقول و نفوس در نظريه جهان‌شناختي صدور مبتني بر فيض و تقسيم هريك از عقول و نفوس به اولي و ثانوي و طرح آنها براساس جايگاه وجودي و شرافتشان از نظريه صدور فلوطين فاصله ميگيرد. با ترجمه كتاب الخيرالمحض به عربي بعلت سازگاري بيشتر آن با انديشه‌هاي ديني و وحياني فيلسوفان مسلمان، حضوري پر رنگ نزد آنان يافت؛ بگونه‌يي كه در مواردي عين الفاظ و عبارات الخيرالمحض در آثار آنان آمده است مانند رساله في المعالم الاهيه عامري، اما نزد بقيه، اصول و مبادي و مسايل الخيرالمحض با صورتبندي جديدي آمده است. ما در نوشتار حاضر تلاش ميكنيم تا تاثير آن را نزد فيلسوفان مسلمان اثبات نماييم.

The book al-Khayr al-mahd is inspired by Proclus’ Elements of Theology and, in spite of its small size, has exercised the greatest influence upon Islamic philosophy along with Athologia. In this treatise, Proclus has propounded several problems concerning the prime cause, intellect, and soul, which are accepted by Muslim philosophers. Through posing the four elements of prime cause, existence, intellects, and souls in the cosmological theory of emanation based on effusion, as well as dividing each of the intellects and souls into primary and secondary ones and discussing them based on their ontological places and excellence, Proclus stands at a distance from Plotinus’ theory of emanation. The translation of al-Khayr al-mahd into Arabic granted it a more visible presence before Muslim philosophers because of its greater conformity with their religious and revealed thoughts. That is why we sometimes confront the same words and statements used in al-Khayr al-mahd in their works. For example, in ‘Amiri’s treatise of Fi al-m‘alim ilahiyyah, the principles and problems discussed in al-Khayr al-mahd have been presented in exactly the same form. However, they have been reflected in a new form in others’ works. In this paper, the writer has tried to demonstrate the influence of this book on Muslim philosophers.