كليدواژه :
ارتباط , اروپا , جاده ابريشم , شرق و غرب , نقش هاي مهم
چكيده فارسي :
اگر ارتباط ميان مردمان جريان هاي فكري و هنري و سنت ها و آيين ها در واقع انتقال فرهنگ به وسيله كالا شد ايرانيان در اين انتقال مواريث فرهنگي نقش بسزايي داشته اند. مانند پارتي، سغدي ها، ختني ها، خوارزمي ها در آسياي ميانه كه به نوبه خود در اين انتقال سهيم بوده اند. از طريق آسياي ميانه بود كه مهاجران، بازرگانان، مبلغين ديني از غرب به شرق آسيا سفر مي كردند و عامل انتقال محصولات مادي و فرهنگي و ديني بودند. كه گاهي در اين مسير با هجوم اقوامي مانند هونها، هفتاليت ها، هياطله ... روبرو مي شدند. به هر تقدير ايران و چين و هند عوامل مهم و تاثيرگذار در اين مسير سوق الجيشي محسوب مي شدند. جاده ابريشم در دوران باستان يك موضوع فرهنگي و اقتصادي بود كه امروز به دليل گشترش ارتباطات و حمل ونقل اين نقش را به مراتب افزوني بخشيده است. به عبارت ديگر جاده ابريشم عامل مهم مبادلات اقتصادي و انتقال علوم و فنون و تمدن پيشرفته بين شرق و غرب جهان بود كه اين انتقال قبل از رنسانس در اروپا از شرق به غرب و بعد از انقلاب صنعتي از غرب به شرق صورت مي گرفت. در آينده به علت پيشرفت هاي علمي و .... در شرق آسيا كه شاهد بالندگي آن هستيم به نوعي تعامل خواهد انجاميد.
چكيده لاتين :
If the communication between people and thinkful flow ,artistic ,ceremonies, religious were actually culture transference by goods. Surely ,Iranians would have a particulare rolle in this cultural herritages transfer such as partians, Babylonian, sogdian, khotanian, khowarazmian, have a big share in this transfer. Immigrants ,Businessmen, religious missioners, travel through the central Asia and they were the agent for transferring their material ,cultural, religious outputs that they sometimes were confronted with the attack of tribes as Hunian, Heftalit, Hayatale, Turkeys, and Mongols. Some of them were attracted by theirselves. Through this adventurous silk of route was that differences religious as buddhism, Tao, Mani, Christians ,Islam, reached to china. In fact, China,India, Iran, as the important and effective agent have been created and linked with national culture in this strategic route .Surely, the emergence of the kushanians civilization ever in south and east of Afganistan and in north of Indian subcontinent contributed in combination of the Iranian and Indian and Greeks culture. The silk route of in the old period was an economical ,cultural subject that has been added their economical ,cultural function because of spreading communications and transportation .Silk Production in china in old ages were enumerated an important and industrial secrets and and trade and Business. Transportation of this goods from china to region Meditranian sea were through different routes. One of these important routes were the best-known an Achemenid Royal route that was a big and royal route .This route formed after west part of this big silk route. Development of the trade exchanges made extend communications between differences tribes. At 2 century B.C. has been developed trade relations between east and west and luxury things. Silk route was the main factor of the commercial and economical exchanges and transmitting of knowledges and advanced civilization between west and east of the world. Transmitting of knowledge appeared before the industrial revolution in Europe from east to west gradually fom west to east. It maybe accomplished a kind of interchange because of the economical ,scientific, technical developments in the east of Asia that we will witness in future.
