كليدواژه :
كليساي ارمني , مجموعه رهباني , معبد , معماري ارمني , تاديوس قديس
چكيده فارسي :
در محل برخي از كليساهاي اوليهارمني، وجود معابد قديمي و غير مسيحي محتمل دانسته مي شود. چنين فرضيه اي در مورد مجموعه رهباني تاديوس قديس نيز مطرح شده است. در پژوهش حاضر با مرور و دسته بندي تمام آرا موجود در مورد اين فرضيه به تحليل شواهد آورده شده پرداخته شد، تا ميزان محتمل بودن آن بررسي گردد.
جهت دستيابي به نتيجه صحيح بناي مورد بحث را از نظر پلان، ويژگي هاي حجمي و جزييات در متن معماري كليساي ارمني مورد بررسي موشكافانه قرار گرفته است. اين بررسي تطبيقي با مقايسه تصويري اين كليسا با بناهاي مشابه و همدوره همراه مي شود.
در نهايتتمام ويژگي هاي معماري اين كليسا از جمله شواهد فرضيه،رديابي شده و متعلق به فرهنگ معماري مسيحي ارمني و مشابه نمونه هاي هم دوره خود دانسته مي شود، بنا بر اين هر گونه ارتباط اين بنا با معبد غير مسيحيغير محتمل دانسته مي شود.
چكيده لاتين :
In order to be able to study Saint Thaddeos Monastery, which is one of the Armenian Monasteries in Iran, we should first have a short look at Armenian Church architecture and its history as the required base for our investigation. So we briefly present Armenian architecture and Armenian church architecture at the beginning. We also study the origins of this architecture and the specialties related to our case study. According to some historians, after many temples had been torn down churches were built on their wall foundations, preserving both shrine’s rectangular shape and overall dimensions, the only difference being that the alters were moved from west to east. As for the newly built churches, erected in a hurry, they were bound to resemble pre-Christian temples, from which they were converted or built in their place. In addition the existence of a pre-Christian temple in the place of some early Armenian Churches is possible based on some historical references or archeological studies.
Afterwards we study the Saint Thaddeus Monastery, its history and architecture. We see that in some references of this complex, a hypothesis of possible relation between this church and a pre-Christian temple is proposed. Afterwards we classify all the references based on their opinion of this hypothesis. We extract and analyze the evidences mentioned in all of them.
We study the old church of Saint Thaddeus Monastery, which is the part related to the temple hypothesis, historically and architecturally in details. In this study it is specified that the old church in its plan belongs to 10th to 11th centuries and a group of Armenian Churches called Vasporakan School. This group come from a type called Domed Hall, which in its turn relate to Basilican churches and has became common in Armenia from 6th and 7th centuries. This group of churches are shorter than the first type in hall dimensions, only have one pair of wall-pylons in plan and date 10th and 11th centuries.
In facades’ design this church belongs to 17th century and Nakhijevan School. The use of dark and light rows of stones in the dome base, polychromic design in facades, extension of window ornaments in façade surface, mosaic patterns and linear ornaments are the main specialties of this type.
In this research, which is associated with an illustrated comparison of examples, relationship of all the evidences with a pre-Christian temple is rejected. These evidences which include plan dimensions, its extension, alter dimensions and also facade decorations, stone dimensions, and cross and stars ornaments all belong to Armenian Christian Culture and are similar to the other examples, especially with the ones in the same period and region.
According to the rejection of all temple-related hypothesis evidences and detailed studies of this church, in the context of Armenian Church architecture, and provided that no new archeological evidences is proposed, this hypothesis is rejected for any kind of relationship including function convert, being settled on the remains and being established in the place of any type of pre-Christian temple.
