بررسي شاخص هاي طراحي محيطي در پيشگيري از جرم

Investigation of Environmental Design Indicators in Crime Prevention (Case Study: Yazd Business Centers)

ارتقا امنيت محيطي مجتمع‌هاي تجاري، به دليل ايجاد آسايش، آرامش و اطمينان از حضور در يك محل امن، موجب جذابيت محل و استقبال مردم در استفاده از محيط تجاري مي گردد. با طراحي محيطي مناسب مي توان حداكثر بهره را با افزايش امنيت اين گونه مجتمع ها برده و زمينه فعاليت بهينه افراد در اين محيط ها را فراهم نمود. پژوهش حاضر درصدد بررسي اين موضوع است كه شاخص هاي طراحي محيطي در كاهش وقوع جرم در مجتمع هاي تجاري شهر يزد تا چه اندازه مي تواند تاثير داشته باشند. روش بررسي در اين پژوهش توصيفي- تحليلي بوده و روش جمع آوري داده ها به صورت پيمايشي است. تعداد 31 متغير مورد تحليل قرار گرفته كه در 4 شاخص دسته بندي شده است. درنهايت نتيجه‌گيري پژوهش نشان دهنده اين موضوع مي باشد كه مجتمع‌هاي تجاري شهر يزد از لحاظ شاخص هاي امنيتي و رفاهي در وضعيت نامطلوبي قرار گرفته اند كه در نهايت با ارايه راه حل هايي جهت ارتقا امنيت، رفاه و آسايش آنها پرداخته است.

For few decades, the population of cities in developing countries, including Iran had a higher growth rate than the total growth rate of countries’ population. The cities in the developing countries have become areas of very high vulnerability to Human hazards such as Crimes.Analysis of crime prevention by using statistical data has a crucial role in the urban studies and urban planning. Based on studying type urban crime can be measured by different models.While in developed countries, the development of the big cities began centuries ago and generally allows for controlled and planned urban crime, and the opposite is the case in developing countries, where rapid urbanizationʹs process is characterized by an unplanned urban crime. This research has aimed to achieve a crime prevention model (and survey the effect of it on the YazdBossinessCenters. This research is based on the CPTED model based and documentary in the way of data collecting. Crime Prevention through Environmental Design, CPTED, is based on the idea that the proper design and effective use of the built environment can lead to a reduction in the incidence and fear of crime, and an improvement in the quality of life. In other words, if a site is laid out well, the likelihood of it being targeted for a crime may be reduced. Crime Prevention is defined as the anticipation, recognition and appraisal of a crime risk and the initiation of some action to remove or reduce it. CPTED takes crime prevention one step further by studying the site design and working with the development community and public development agencies in an attempt to create safer designs in new and existing developments. Research has shown that the proper design and effective use of the Business Centers can lead to a reduction in both the opportunity for crime and fear of crime. Through their involvement in design and construction, architects, planners and builders can influence the creation of safer Business Centers. Given the fundamental importance of the mass effect on the costs of urban life, urban designers had been marginal role in the prevention of crime. Approach based on the CPTED, on Focus be given issues such as crime prevention, crime control. The results have showed that, in the survey of urban crimes, the relation between land use, and population density should be considered also CPTED approach in data normalization is one of the best approaches for solving this problem. The greatest coefficients of crime prevention are land use, and population density.CPTED strategies rely upon the ability to influence offender decisions that precede criminal acts. Research into criminal behavior shows that the decision to offend or not to offend is more influenced by cues to the perceived risk of being caught than by cues to reward or ease of entry. Consistent with this research, CPTED based strategies emphasis enhancing the perceived risk of detection and apprehension.Natural surveillance and access control strategies limit the opportunity for crime. Territorial reinforcement promotes social control through a variety of measures.