نقش سازماندهي فضايي و ادراكي خيابان در احساس امنيت عابرين (مطالعه موردي: شهر تبريز)

The Role of Perceptual and Spatial Organization of Street in Security Feeling of Pedestrians (Case study: Tabriz city)

پژوهش حاضر در پي تاكيد بر اهميت خيابان و احساس امنيت، در جستجوي شناخت عناصر و كيفيات سازمان فضايي و ادراكي خيابان و نقش آنها در احساس امنيت عابرين است. روش تحقيق به صورت پيمايشي و تطبيقي در سه خيابان شهر تبريز كه به صورت نمونه هاي هدفمند و متفاوت در قدمت، كيفيات فضايي، ساختاري و نوع عملكرد و فعاليت انتخاب شده، انجام گرفت. تنوع نمونه ها، امكان تحليل انواع خيابان هاي شهري و تعميم پذيري تحقيق را فراهم كرده است. نتايج نشان داد، علاوه بر وجود همبستگي معنادار بين عوامل سازماندهي فضايي و ادراكي، نقش سازمان فضايي، قويتر و از ميان شاخص هاي آن، وضوح فضا و از ميان شاخص هاي عوامل ادراكي-خوانايي، ويژگي هاي جداره خيابان، بيشترين نقش را در احساس امنيت عابرين دارا مي باشد. در انتها با توصيه هايي درمورد بهينه سازي سازمان فضايي و ادراكي خيابان براي ارتقا احساس امنيت عابرين ارايه شده است.

Nowadays, the concept of citizens’ security and the ways to enhance it is one of the basic priorities among urban theorists and professionals. Improving the quality of urban public spaces is necessary, especially from security viewpoint, for social capital and reinforcing the society. Thus public space of the street is enumerated as a huge capacity in response to social needs of human and providing necessary opportunities in the field of her/his social experiences in urban societies. Nowadays it is believed that positive and high quality of life in streets and open spaces is important for society; which provides opportunities for people to enjoy social interactions. Nowadays in the cities, streets have lost their former important role in cultural and social interactions. One of the major factors affecting this is the role of spatial and perceptual qualities. Thus the lack of attention to these factors leads to the absence of a sense of security in pedestrians. Considering all these issues, this research seeks to answer the following questions: what is the role of perceptual and spatial organization of street in security feeling of pedestrians? Which of them has a more effective role? Which of its indicators and their roles are stronger? Thereby it becomes relatively clear that the architects and urban designers on street design with emphasis on the issue of security feeling should pay more attention to which spatial and perceptual factors of street. This paper is investigating the effective factors on security, the relationship between security and physical space, and is setting it in current life in street spaces. In other words, this research is tries to show some kinds of security that are directly influenced by the physical space and are effective in security perception. The present study emphasizes on the importance of street and security feeling, seeking for the recognition of perceptual and spatial organization qualities of street and their role in the security feeling of pedestrians. Surveys and comparative methods of research methodology was carried out at three street cases in Tabriz city, which were selected as targeted types in terms of their difference in age, structural and spatial qualities, and activity and function types . Variety of samples has provided the analysis and generalization for various city streets. The results show that, besides existing significant correlations between spatial and perceptual organization factors, the spatial organization holds a stronger role and, among its indicators, space resolution, and among the indicators of the perceptual factors, legibility and street properties, have the greatest role in the security feeling of pedestrians. At first, the theoretical structure of the research is devoted to recognizing the meaning of security and effective factors on security feeling, and then the urban security is discussed from viewpoint of Islamic texts and Western theorists. Security discussion is followed at physical dimension and concluded by recommendations on spatial and perceptual structure in street context with the methods and research findings on the optimization of spatial and perceptual organization of street to promote security feeling of pedestrians.