تاريخ بيهقي در گستره منطق مكالمه

The Use of Proverbs in the Poems of Persian Poets

منطق مكالمه محصول انديشه ميخاييل باختين، نظريه پرداز حوزه علوم انساني در قرن بيستم است. اين ديدگاه بر برقراري تعامل دايمي ميان نظرگاه هاي متن، مولّف و مخاطب تاكيد مي كند و اين كه شناخت واقعي تنها از لابه لاي شراكت ها، تفاوت ها و نقيضه هاي معاني اين سه عنصر حاصل مي شود. از نظر او، سخن سرشت مكالمه اي دارد و اين مكالمه گرايي نيز به شكل تام در گونه ادبي رمان بازتاب مي يابد؛ زيرا رمان، عرصه بازتاب زبان ها، صداها و سبك هاي گوناگون است. بنابر اين رمان ماهيتاً چندمفهومي است. از اين رو زمينه اصلي مطالعات باختين است. در اين جستار تلاش شده كه تاريخ بيهقي اثر ابوالفضل بيهقي، بنا بر سرشت رمان گونه آن در گستره منطق مكالمه مورد پژوهش قرارگيرد. روش پرداختن به اين پژوهش، اثباتي-تحليلي است و به مولّفه هاي شاخص مكالمه اي همچون دوصدايگي، دگرمفهومي، كرونوتوپ و ذكر مصاديق آن؛ ازجمله پوشيده گويي، محاكات و ديالكتيك پرداخته مي شود.

In the opinion of Allameh Dehkhoda, proverb is one of the twenty four kinds of literature. In addition, proverbs are always the place of manifestation of peopleʹs experiences and also they are considered as people’s experimental wisdoms. When we study the history of different literary styles, genres and also Persian speaking poetsʹ divans, it becomes clear that they have used proverbs as one of the important sources. Not only the poets have benefited from the great treasure of proverbial literature, but also they have added to its wealth. This interaction has not been considered quantitatively and qualitatively up to now. In this article, a definition of the proverb and also its importance and background are presented. Then the usage manner of proverb in poetsʹ poetry and Persian poetical proverbs and its position through paroemia are indicated. In addition, the difference between paroemia and comprehensive word, allusion, methods of equation and allegory are presented. With a quantitative and qualitative method, this article indicates the reflection of proverbs in poetsʹ poetry of different centuries and analyzes the proverbs in poetry of the thirteen famous poets. In this way, we understand practically and theoretically the ways that poets have used the proverb and also its reflection in their poetry.