مطالعه گروه‌هاي مرجع زنان جوان شهر ايلام

A Study of Reference Groups of Young Women in Ilam

در اين پژوهش به دنبال مطالعه گروه هاي مرجع زنان جوان شهر ايلام، به مطالعه موردي زنان جوان 16 -29 ساله ساكن در اين شهر پرداخته شده است. مساله اصلي اين پژوهش، شناخت گروه هاي مرجع و عوامل موثر در گزينش آنها توسط زنان است. براي پرداختن به اين مساله،تيوري گروه مرجع مرتن استفاده شده است. مطالعه ميداني زنان جوان شهر ايلام با رويكرد روش شناسانه كيفي و با استفاده از تكنيك مشاهده و مصاحبه عميق انجام گرفته است . داده‌ها و اطلاعات به دست آمده از طريق روش كد گذاري موضوعي دسته‌بندي و با توجه به بنيان‌هاي نظري پژوهش تفسير شده است . دستاوردهاي تجربي و نظري اين پژوهش نشان مي‌دهد كه جامعه ايلام ، يك جامعه همگرا و درون گروهي است و زنان ايلامي تمايل زيادي به گزينش گروه هاي مرجع غير عضويتي ندارند . ساختار اجتماعي بسته شهر ايلام و به تبع آن ، تحرك اجتماعي پايين و نيز محلي گرايي در بين زنان طبقه خرده بورژوا، از مهمترين عوامل موثر در گزينش گروه هاي مرجع عضويتي و به ويژه خانواده است .

Introduction Selection of reference group and inclination to it is among those important issues that thinkers consider it under various titles. By referring to criteria of a special group, we always assess our deeds, appearance, values, wishes, lifestyles and ourselves. In a case study, this paper intends to focus on women at the age of 16-29 who live in Ilam city to study their reference group. Identifying reference groups and the effective factors in women’s selection were the main purpose of this paper. So we tried to find the answer of such questions as "what are the reference groups for young women in Ilam?" "What are their characteristic attributes?" "Is there any conflict in the trends of reference group selection?" "What are the effective structural factors in this selection?" "Merton’s reference group theory was selected as theoretical approach because not only is it more comprehensive than Meadʹs, Cooleyʹs, and Simmerʹs theories, but it is also able to cover the main questions of this research. The main points of this theory include: relative deprivation, reference group, membership and non-membership, multiple reference groups, negative reference groups, effective structural factors in this selection, the consequences of this reference group selection, conflicts in inclination to reference group Materials & Methods A qualitative approach with in-depth interview and observation technics were used as research methodology. Also, purposive sampling and standards of saturation were applied to quit data collection and start analyzing it, respectively Discussion of Results & Conclusion The results show that Ilam society is a convergent and intergroup society in which women are more inclined to membership reference groups, especially to their families and less to non-membership reference groups. But dissatisfaction of women from closed environment of families, classes and society made it necessary that other concepts would describe this situation. These concepts include: Localism and the petti bourgeoisie class. One of the characteristic of this class is that it has a limited ownership and neither is identically similar to worker class nor to capitalist class. It is a socially conservative one and in most cases it attends to traditional issues (Ritzer1998). We can classify all three groups as the petti bourgeoisie class because there was no significant differences among samples in three classes (high, medium and low). The women of this class are dependent to their families and their men (husband or father). In the one hand, they wish to enjoy from wealth, education and social openness. On the other hand, they to strengthen their ties to their families and believe that they can achieve their wishes only by their families. The petti bourgeoisie class in Ilam gets their wishes by looking at upper classes so they try to behave like them, but in contrast to their inclination, there is a situation which we call contentment or localism. Despite of all ambitions and wishes, Ilami woman have an internal force which invites them to content and return to family circle. So because of localism and contentment, they prefer not to hurt their families for their own personal choices of cloth, social relationships, etc.