بررسي ميزان سواد سياسي و اجتماعي شهروندان بزرگسال شهر اصفهان

Studying Political and Social Literacy of Adult Citizens in Isfahan

هدف پژوهش حاضر، تعيين ميزان سواد اجتماعي و سياسي بزرگسالان شركت‌كننده در مراكز آموزشي غير رسمي بزرگسالان شهر اصفهان بوده است. روش پژوهش توصيفي و از نوع پيمايشي بوده و جامعه مورد پژوهش شامل 2572 نفر از بزرگسالان (35 سال به بالا) بودند كه در برنامه آموزشي مراكز آموزشي سازمان‌هاي دولتي شهر اصفهان در سال 1390 شركت كردند. حجم نمونه برآورد شده 380 نفر بود كه با بهره‌گيري از روش نمونه‌گيري خوشه‌اي چند مرحله‌اي و هدفمند انتخاب شدند. ابزار اندازه‌گيري پرسشنامه 29 سوالي محقق ساخته بود كه در دو حيطه سياسي و اجتماعي طراحي و پايايي آن از طريق ضريب آلفاي كرونباخ محاسبه شد و 84/0 به دست آمد. براي تحليل استنباطي داده‌ها از روش آماري t تك متغيره و تحليل واريانس چند متغيره (مانوا) استفاده شد. نتايج نشان داد سواد اجتماعي بزرگسالان از سواد سياسي آنان بيشتر است. همچنين، بين ميانگين سواد اجتماعي و سياسي با توجه به متغيرهاي دموگرافيك (جنسيت، تحصيلات، سن، محل زندگي) تفاوت معناداري وجود دارد.

Introduction Literacy is a fundamental right and a springboard not only for achieving "Education for All", but also for eradicating poverty and increasing participation in society;. Political and social literacy is all about understanding how politics and social behaviour shapes our daily lives. In order to improve the political and social literacy process, it is highly important to recognize effective factors in shaping on awareness of people. This study was performed to determine studentsʹ points of view concerning such factors. Responsible citizens respect others and participate in political, economic, social and cultural life.. The present study aims to define the level of political and social literacy of adult citizens participating in unofficial adults training centres’ of Isfahan. Material & Methods According to the research purpose sought to measure the extent of social and political literacy of adults, research method was a descriptive survey and discretional type with population of 2572 adult, (above 35 years old) who attended the instructional programs of training centers of government agencies in Isfahan in 2011. The estimated number of samples was 380 which were randomly selected through multistage cluster sampling. The instrument was a researcher made questionnaire comprising of 29 items which was designed in two fields of political and social scopes, with reliability of 0.84 computed through Cronbach’s Alpha. The collected data were analyzed through one-sample T-test and MANOVA. Discussion of Results & Conclusions Findings showed that: 1) adults’ social literacy was higher than political literacy and, 2) significantly the political literacy of adults is not in a good situation, 3) There was a significant difference between averages of political and social literacy in terms of education of adult citizens, 4) There was a significant difference between averages of political and social literacy in terms of sex of adult citizens while, level of Political literacy among men was greater than women, whereas social literacy, there is not a significant difference between them, 5) There was a significant difference between averages of political and social literacy in terms of age of adult citizens and, People who were older than 30 years have more social and political literacy, 6) There was a significant difference between averages of political literacy in terms of place of living and there was not a significant difference between averages of social literacy in terms of place of live. In general, training centers should be considered as social and political means of development for adult education. Higher levels of political and social literacy will result in better Citizen, Behaviours that leads to lower rates of society and political disorders. In fact, political and social literacy is one of the main components for today’s community. Political and social literacy are a vehicle to support the achievement of Development Goals and to empower the poor people in particular. As a component of basic education and a foundation for lifelong learning, political and social literacy are the key to enhancement of human capabilities and achieving citizenship rights. It carries wide-ranging benefits not only for individuals but also for families, communities and societies, as a whole. Curriculum planners need to use effective approaches in political and social education in order to provide essential and required content for learners according to community needs. It is necessary for them to consider curriculum revision and increasing of extra curriculum content. Considering the effect of political and social literacy on development of country, it is recommended to employ these issues in teaching courses which require a deep learning and high level of understanding the content.