پديد آورندگان :
ايازي، علي نقي نويسنده دانشجوي دكتري جامعه‌شناسي دانشگاه اصفهان , , رباني خوراسگاني ، علي نويسنده دانشيار گروه علوم اجتماعي دانشگاه اصفهان ,
كليدواژه :
تفسير اجتماعي , موانع اجتماعي تفكر , نظريه زمينه‌اي , پژوهش كيفي , الگوي اسلامي پيشرفت , روش‌شناسي
چكيده فارسي :
روش‌شناسي علمي، نظامي از قواعد و روش‌‌هاست كه پژوهش بر اساس آن استوار بوده، ادعاي معرفت ارزيابي مي‌شوند. نظريه زمينه‌اي مي‌تواند به عنوان يكي از روش‌هاي پژوهش كيفي و مبتني بر داده‌‌ها به تحليل عالمانه‌اي در اين زمينه دست يابد. اين نوشتار با بهره‌گيري از پارادايم تفسير اجتماعي و استقرا در آموزه‌هاي قرآن و با استفاده از فنون و مراحل نظريه زمينه‌اي به بررسي موانع اجتماعي تفكر در الگوي اسلامي پيشرفت مي‌پردازد. مجموع آيات استقرا شده، چهار ويژگي خودخواهي‌هاي فراگير شده، اختلال در فرايند جامعه پذيري، فقدان آموزش‌هاي صحيح تفكر و فقدان سعه صدر را از موانع تفكر در فرايند پيشرفت معرفي مي‌كند.
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction
The current paper aims to study sociologically thinking barriers and its consequences in the progress model based on the teachings of the Quran. Accordingly, the main questions are as follows: What are the thinking barriers of progress based on the teachings of the Quran? What are the solutions to reduce these obstacles? The following steps have been taken to respond these questions by referring to the Quran and finding the sociological propositions: Recognizing the verses that deal with these issues Fractionating the interpretational issues of each verse into the principal and sub elements and concepts in addition to the areas, situations, circumstances, and the relationships between phenomena Translating the elements, concepts, and the specified relationships into sociological language Preparation and presentation of contents into the logical propositions Thematic explanation and interpretation of obtained classes by writing the verseʹs code. The research resources includes social interpretations in addition to the Quran.
Material and Methods
Grounded theory is one of the qualitative research methods which is suitable when there is inadequate knowledge about an issue (Farahani and Arizi, 1996; Glaser and Strauss) or there is no relevant theory on which it would be possible to formulate assumptions (Mansourian, 2006: 3). Grounded theory is a methodology which its goal is to develop theories with medium range (Merton, 1967) and it is interesting for description of applied sciences. Additionally, today, grounded theory plays a particular role in social sciences (Hildenbrand, 2004: 22). Thus, a qualitative research, grounded theory, applied due to the information restrictions and noncompliance of progress concept with the current terms in religious sources in one hand, and lack of extraction of such a progress model in these sources in the other hand.
The grounded theory is an exploratory and deductive method enabling researchers to make their own theories without relying on the available and predefined ones (Mansourian, 2006: 2).
In grounded theory, theories are extracted from data which are gathered and analyzed during the research. In this method, information gathering, analysis, and the final theory have a close relationship with each other and the researcher do not initiate the work with a theory in mind unless it is a generalization of an available theory. In contrary, it is started in reality and let the theory to be formulated based on gathered data and the researcherʹs creativity is one the main characteristics of this method (Strauss and kurbin 2012: 34). This theory is based on principles of social detailed oriented paradigm (Mohammad Pur, 2010: 316).
Discussion of Results and Conclusions
The results showed that thinking barriers can be classified into five categories of individual, social, macro, procedural, and contextual barriers. All of these categories and concepts are in the interactive frameworks, interactions, contexts and intruding conditions and explain the impact and influence. These interactions contribute to the lack of thinking outcomes.
Disorder in socialization process, lack of appropriate thinking training, lack of tolerance, and absence of open-mindedness are the results of pervasive selfishness. The common interactions between these variables can explain the contribution of wisdom in progress of a society.
Cultural and political sub systems in the Quran are mentioned as the fundamental barriers that can change the essence of knowledge.
The social system obstacle involves those governments that not only do not consider the science and technology development as a necessity to penetrate in mass society but also they see it inconsistent with their long term interest.
In cultural system, it is referred to those scientists that deceive people and change the form of knowledge in line with their illegitimate interests.
Lack of the required knowledge and wrong beliefs in social actions of the societies contributed to thinking barriers in the progress process and changed the form of knowledge.
Corrupted social environment and lack of studying other nations are mentioned as the contextual barriers of thinking.
