كليدواژه :
قانون گريزي , سرمايه اجتماعي , موتورسيكلت , هنجار تقابل اجتماعي , يزد
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction
Crime, irregularity and fear of insecurity, are the most important determinants of a communityʹs failure to achieve collective goals in order to individual and social well-being. Hence, human societies, to ensure security and prevent anti-social behavior, created a set of rules and norms for monitoring and controlling anti-social behavior. But in all societies, especially developing countries, there are range of people who ignore these rules. Inattention these rules can lead to road accidents, high mortality, physical damages, disruption of family after accidents, and billions of dollars of damage and according to estimates, in 2020, road traffic accidents will become the third leading cause of death in worldwide. In Iran, traffic accidents, has had increasing trend so that growth is 10% and the rate of deaths from traffic accidents, 15 times that of developed countries. Previous research on the etiology of law-breaking among motorcycle users often focused on physical and psychological risk factors. This study aimed to explain the relationship between the norm of reciprocity (as a component of social capital) and violation of traffic rules by motorcycle users based on social capital theory.
Materials and Methods
This study was a cross-sectional case-control study. Data was collected from the traffic police office and on the streets of Yazd, in July and August, 2012. The statistical population includes all the people who used motorcycles to do their daily tasks such as shopping, going to work, moving passengers, or recreation. This population, based on traffic rules in Iran, were divided into two groups of law-breaking users (experiment group) and law-abiding users (control group). Law-abiding users were distinguishes from law-breakers considering how much they obey riding rules such as wearing crash helmet, stopping before the red traffic light, having the motorcycle riding license, having the necessary policy, and moving in the correct line designed for motorcycle users. Low-breakers were those who did not do the above behaviors, as well as showing behaviors such as careening among cars, riding in sidewalks, and bothering pedestrians. Three traffic experts identify law-abiding and law-breaker users. Data collected by norm of reciprocity scale. Data were analyzed by using of independent-samples T test method.
Discussion of Results and Conclusions
Three hundred and eighty-four motorcycle users in two groups of law-abiding users (192) and law-breaking users (192) were investigated. The mean age of law-abiding users was 26.07 and the standard deviation was 8.61, the mean age of law-breaking users was 24.60 and its standard deviation was 7.74. Most of the samples were in the age group of 15-30 year-old. Concerning the percentage of users who had primary education, it was higher among low-breaker users (41.8%) than the other group (32.9%). The groups were relatively similar regarding income, residency, marital status, and purposes of using motorcycles without any significant differences. Concerning the frequency of having experiences of breaking rules, they were different. That is the frequency of violating traffic rules was significantly higher in law-breakers’ group (23.9% compared to 13%). Comparing these groups, level of reciprocity was not similar. Results revealed that there is a significant difference comparing their total social support (P < .05), perceived social support by family (P < .01), and perceived social support by significant others (P < .01). Deficiency of social support due to weakness of social networks could be caused increased peopleʹs willingness to participate and engage in risky driving behaviors and driving violations. There was significant difference between Law-breaker and law-abiding concerning to norm of social reciprocity, in generally (P < 0.01); negative reciprocity (P < 0.01); belief to reciprocity (P < 0.01); and positive reciprocity (P < 0.01). Norm of social reciprocity and its components have important role in prevention and decrease of tendency of motorcycle users toward perpetration to violation of driving laws. Therefore, in order to decrease of law-breaking rate among motorcycle users, is better that beside of external deterrent strategies such as penalize the motorcycle users, social and behavioral interventions, such as reinforce the norm of social reciprocity.
