ژيوپليتيك هويت و سياستگذاري امنيتي در موازنه منطقه‌اي خاورميانه

Geopolitics of Identity and Security Policy in the Regional Balance of the Middle East

چكيده تنش‌هاي موجود ميان ايران، عربستان، تركيه و مصر را بايد تلاش بي‌وقفه براي اثرگذاري بر مولفه‌هاي امنيت منطقه‌اي در خاورميانه دانست. ارزيابي تحولات خاورميانه نشان مي‌دهد كه جدال‌هاي امنيتي در اين حوزه ژيوپليتيكي از سال 2006 به بعد افزايش قابل توجهي پيدا كرده است. علت آن را بايد در هويتي‌شدن رقابت‌هاي ژيوپليتيكي در منطقه دانست. در اين شرايط كشورهايي همانند ايران و عربستان در سال‌هاي دهه 1990 به بعد موقعيت خود را در امنيت منطقه‌اي افزايش داده و هر يك تلاش دارد تا شكل جديدي از معادله قدرت، امنيت و سياست ژيوپليتيكي را كنترل نمايد. راهبرد امنيتي آمريكا نيز معطوف به تصاعد بحران و تهديداتي كه ماهيت هويتي دارد، مي‌باشد. در اين مقاله تلاش مي‌شود رابطه بين هويت با موازنه منطقه‌اي مورد ارزيابي قرار گيرد. تبيين اين موضوع در شرايطي امكان‌پذير است كه بتوان نتيجه تضادهاي هويتي را در بحران‌هاي منطقه‌اي مورد ملاحظه قرار داد. اين مقاله با «روش تحليل محتوا» و همچنين «روش تحليل داده‌ها» و تكيه بر منابع كتابخانه‌اي در پي پاسخگويي به سوال اصلي مقاله با عنوان موضوعات هويتي چه تاثيري در ماهيت رقابت‌هاي منطقه‌اي به‌جا مي‌گذارد، مي‌باشد. فرضيه اصلي مقاله نيز بر اين موضوع تاكيد دارد كه هويت و منازعات هويتمحور اصلي شكل‌بندي جديد امنيت در خاورميانه مي‌باشد. يافته‌هاي مقاله نشان مي‌دهد كه هويت ماهيت قدرت و موازنه قدرت منطقه‌اي را در سال‌هاي 2006 به بعد دگرگون نموده است. نشانه‌هاي تغيير در موازنه قدرت در قالب جدال‌هاي هويتي را مي‌توان در منازعات سوريه، عراق و يمن مورد ملاحظه قرار داد.

Extended Abstract Interodaction Tensions between Iran, Saudi Arabia, Turkey and Egypt should be known as uninterrupted affords to affect components of regional security in the Middle East. Evaluation of Middle Eastʹs transformation represents that security controversy, in this geopolitical field, significantly has increased since year 2006. Its cause should be known in identified geopolitical competitions in the region. In this condition, countries such as Iran and Saudi Arabia have increased their status in the regional security and each of them tries to control new form of power, security and geopolitical policyʹs equation. Americaʹs security approach also focuses on the crisis progression and threats which have identity nature. Methodology This article with "content analysis method" and also "data analysis method" and relying on library resources is following to answer the articleʹs main question with the title "what is the effect of identity topics on the nature of regional competitions?” The main hypothesis of article also emphasizes this issue that nature and identity disputes are the main axis of securityʹs new formation in the Middle East. Discussion Different approaches have been expressed about continuing dispute reasons in the Middle East and Americaʹs risky venturous security policy in this geographical field. Although evidences represent that always Americaʹs foreign policy has been encountered security challenges in the Middle East. But quality of these challenges has changed after coming Obama to power. Obama tried to put confronting with authoritarian statesʹ policy on the agenda. Such a process began from Egypt and Tunes. But it transferred to another field of regional countries where have a radical powerʹs structure and benefit from resistance politics against Americaʹs geopolitical threats. Result and Conclusion Since the early 2011, stability in Syria and the role of Syria stability in security-regional policies have changed to a complex issue. Syriaʹs crisis has formed effected by social forcesʹ interaction and protection of international players. United States tried to use, the process which have been used in Libya, in Syria. In such a situation we can see signs of crisis progression in Syria. The main reason of crisis progression in Syria should be known in transnational factorsʹ combination due to the great powersʹ interference in Syria and also inefficiency of the internal structure for convincing and controlling social forces. Americaʹs political and security behavior in the years after cold war represent that United States tries to organize its behavioral pattern based on signs according to hegemonic system While Syria, China and Franc have totally different attitude. They prefer to focus on the international systemʹs structure which has a balance characteristic. Most of the strategic issuesʹ theorists of United States believe in a structure based on power balance to create a more utility security for America. Keywords: Identity, Geopolitical identity, Security policy, Regional crisis, Regional balance.