مسيله جبر و اختيار و راه‌حل ابتكاري ملاصدرا

The Problem of Predestination and Free Will and Mulla Sadra’s Innovative Solution

مسيله قضا و قدر الهي و رابطه آن با افعال انسان، از ديرباز ذهن انديشمندان مسلمان را بخود مشغول داشته است. عموميت انكار‌ناپذير قضا و قدر خداوند و سازگاري يا ناسازگاري آن با اختيار انسان، سبب پيدايش مسيله جبر و اختيار و بروز سه ديدگاه عمده كلامي و اعتقادي جبر، تفويض و امر بين الامرين شده است. اين نوشتار با تبيين مسيله جبر و اختيار و ردّ ديدگاه جبريون و مفوضه، بر اساس آموزه‌هاي مكتب تشيع و حقانيت نظريه حد وسط امر بين الامرين، در پي اثبات سازگاري قضا و قدر الهي با اختيار انسان و تفسير بديع ملاصدرا درباره آن است.

The problem of Divine Decree and Ordinance and its relationship with human acts has occupied the minds of Muslim thinkers since long ago. The undeniable universality of God’s Decree and Ordinance and its consistency or inconsistency with man’s free will have resulted in the formation of the problem of predestination and free will and the rise of three major kalami and religious views of predestination, entrusting, and amr bayn al-amrayn (neither predestination nor entrusting, but something between them). Through explaining the problem of predestination and free will and rejecting the views of determinists and the followers of entrusting, the writer of this paper tries to demonstrate the consistency of the Divine Decree and Ordinance with man’s will based on the teachings of the Shi‘a school of thought and the truth of the theory of intermediate position and Mulla Sadra’s innovative interpretation of the issue.