بررسي تطبيقي ژانرشناسي كميك ايراني با نگاهي به كميك امريكايي

A Comparative Study for Recognition of Iranian Comics with Use of Americans Comics

كميك هنر روايت مضامين از طريق تصوير است كه تاكنون در عرصه زيبايي شناسيِ هنرهاي تجسمي تحولات گوناگوني را از سر گذرانده و هويتي خاص يافته و در فرهنگ هاي مختلف، به عنوان هنري مستقل و ابزار بياني موثر در قالب ژانرهاي گوناگون رواج يافته و فرهنگ معاصر هنرهاي تجسمي در آمريكا بيشترين سهم را در تنوع بخشي به ژانرهاي كميك داشته است. در دهه-هاي اخير كميك به عرصه هنر ايران وارد شده و در قالب چند ژانر اصلي خلق مي شود. ژانرهاي معدود كميك ايراني در مقابل گوناگوني ژانرهاي خارجي به نظر قابل قياس نمي آيد، با اين وجود مقاله حاضر در پي آن است كه با معرفي برخي از مهم ترين ژانرهاي كميك آمريكايي و برشمردن مولفه هاي آنها از سويي و بررسي ژانرهاي كميك ايراني و يافتن ويژگي هاي متناظر آنها از سوي ديگر، به مقايسه تطبيقي ژانرهاي كميك ايراني و آمريكايي دست يابد و نشان دهد كه با وجود تفاوت در فرم كميك هاي ايراني و تفاوت هاي فرهنگي در محتواي آنها، مي توان برخي را به عنوان معادل هايي براي ژانرهاي غربي و عده اي را به عنوان ژانرهاي بومي رديابي كرد. به عبارت ديگر مقايسه و يافتن وجوه تشابه و افتراق ژانرهاي متداول در دو حوزه فرهنگي به شناخت بيشتر ژانرهاي كميك ايراني خواهد انجاميد.

The art of comics is one of the artistic medium which illustrates a story with various concepts through frames of images. This kind of artistic expression, from its beginning time till now, has been passed various stages of developments in the aesthetic field of visual arts, and it has been achieved special and singular form and characteristic, and it has been gained a unique way of expression among various art forms. Although American temporary culture of visual arts has been had the most significant role in creation diverse comics genres and its propagation and popularity in the world, it has been circulated in different cultures as an independent artistic medium with different genres. In recent decades, comics like most of the other imported artistic forms - especially those that have origin in western culture- had been imported Iranian art field and produced and published in few limited major genres. Nevertheless, few numbers of comics genres that produced in Iran do not seem to be comparable with western comics genres diversity – especially in the United States- , this article is attempting to obtain a comparative examination between Iranian genres and American ones. For achieving this purpose, at first, is determined some indicators for comparing which are on the foundation of concepts and are taken from other media that have been arranged on the basis of several distinct categories, and is introduced some of the major American comics genres and is taken into account some of their main traits by use of mentioned indicators. On the other hand, this paper is analyzed Iranian comics genres and found out their features. Then, is recounted their corresponding features. It will indicate that despite of differences among Iranian comics and American comics forms, also cultural differences which are in the comics concept, it seems that some of the Iranian comics genres to be traceable - on the basis of their similar features with western comics- as equivalents for western comics genres and some of them to be followed as indigenous comics genres that in individual form belong to Iran. In other word, the comparison and detecting some analogies and differences aspects among common genres in these mentioned different cultural areas –American comics genres and Iranian comics genres- will lead to more recognition and introduction of what called Iranian comics genres. In a word, this article is trying to show that Iranian comics can classify systematically in four prevalent genres which are folk genre, war genre, religious genre and epic one. In comparison with American comics genres, some of Iranian ones have absolutely match in their features - war genre-, some of them are distinct in some aspects – super hero genre in American comics and epic genre in Iranian ones- and some of them –indigenous genres- are totally unique without any equivalent in western ones – folk genre-. It seems that such differences not only do come from artistic materials and concepts, but also come from concepts beyond them which belongs to others aspects of one special nation.