پديد آورندگان :
خوش‌فر، غلامرضا نويسنده استاديار گروه علوم اجتماعي و سياسي دانشگاه گلستان , , مهدي‌زاده افروزي ، صفيه نويسنده كارشناس ارشد جامعه‌شناسي دانشگاه مازندران ,
كليدواژه :
اعتماد بين شخصي , اعتماد تعميم يافته , اعتماد نهادي , هويت ملي , وفاق اجتماعي
چكيده فارسي :
موضوع بررسي حاضر، شناخت رابطه بين اعتماد و ابعاد آن به عنوان يكي از مهمترين دغدغههاي بشري و وفاق اجتماعي منتهي شونده به نظم اجتماعي است. ويژگيهاي اجتماعي و قوميتي جامعه مورد بررسي و وجود خرده فرهنگهاي قبيلهاي و طايفهاي، لزوم دقت به وفاق و همبستگي اجتماعي در اين جامعه را ضروري ميسازد. چارچوب نظري اين پژوهش بر نظريه نوين اشتومكا استوار است. در اين تحقيق وفاق اجتماعي با چهار مولفه يا ارزش عامگرايي، عدالتگرايي، دينداري و وفاداري به ميهن، اعتماد نيز در سه بعد اعتماد بين شخصي، اعتماد تعميم يافته و اعتماد نهادي سنجش شده‌اند. به منظور سنجش صحيحتر، متغير ميانجي هويت ملي و متغيرهاي زمينه‌اي نيز در اين تحقيق دخالت داده شده‌اند. روش تحقيق پيمايش و دادهها با استفاده از ابزار پرسشنامه در بين حجم نمونه 385 نفر از ساكنان 20 سال و بالاتر شهر گنبد كاووس واقع در استان گلستان انجام گرفته است. نتايج تحليل آماري نشان داد كه بين اعتماد و وفاق اجتماعي رابطه مثبت و معناداري وجود دارد. همچنين، بين ابعاد اعتماد در سه بعد اعتماد بين شخصي، اعتماد تعميم يافته و اعتماد نهادي و نيز متغير ميانجي هويت ملي با وفاق اجتماعي نيز رابطه مثبت و معناداري ديده شده است. يافتههاي حاصل از تحليل دادهها نشان ميدهد كه از بين ابعاد اعتماد، بعد نهادي آن بيشترين رابطه و قدرت تبيينكنندگي متغير وابسته را داراست.
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction
The issue studyand measurement of the research, study of the relationship between trust and socialconsensus among the people 20 years and above of Gonbad Kavoos. social consensus as important background for social order especially in consensual or inner order and social trust have been one of the most important factors for the social capital and field for interactions and social relations leading to social order.Characteristics of the social and the tribal subculture are necessary and necessity of carefully of the solidarity issue and social consensus in this society. Therefore the real question about the study that in the society is examined is: do trust related with social Attunement? Between different types of trust and social consensus there is? Do trust influence at social Attunement? Most important research goals include: knowing amount of social consensus, knowing amount of trust and its dimensions, knowledge relationship between trust and its dimensions with social consensus, the recognition influence the trust of social consensus, identifying the intensity and quality of relationship between trust and social consensus in the different tribes.Identifieddifference of amount social consensus andsignificantthis difference according to sex, education, ethnicityand . . .and identifying the difference amount of trust and its kinds and significantthis difference between different tribes of Gonbad Kavoos. Theoretical framework this research is based on the theory of Pioter Sztompka.He considers trust issoftware factor in to social order and one of the pillars of moral society.
Material & Methods
In this research social consensus with four public value: Universalism, Justice-orientation, piety and loyalty to the homeland, and trust in three kinds: Inter- personal trust, Generalized trust and Institutional trust was measured. The mediate variable national identity also has been used to measure. The present research in the nature and the goal was descriptive and explanatory and according to the method of collecting information is the documental and survey. The main tool collecting information is questionnaire technique.
Population in this research are citizens to 20 years old and above in Gonbad Kavoos city in the 2012. For determining the size of sample of logical Cochran formula and has been used of systematic random sampling whit help quality building block. In order to by the use of the map of Gonbad Kavoos, about 1380 block construction in the whole city wasclear and numbered. Then with regard to the volume of sample that is estimated 400 people, 40 block of the total of blocks were selected with random number. After that the Information was collected by refer to each of the 40 blocks and refer to the 10 peoples residing in twenty years to by systematic random sampling. (Through to refer to doors of the houses). The face validity and also instrumental validity has been used to measure validity research and measuring researchreliability,pre- test Was done With 30 people of 3 building blocks in various parts of city. Then information had been collected through pre- test entered in SPSS and with Cranachʹs Alpha Coefficient was measured amount of reliability research tool. Calculation and analysis statistics and information through questionnaire and interview was done with the SPSS program and through descriptive and deductive statistics.
In the descriptive section, the amount of the tendency of individuals to the scale variables and their average and in the deductive and Exploitive section, correlation relate between examined variables was measured with correlation testsand then With the use ofRegressionAndPath analysis were investigated the practical mechanism this affect.Then usedtheT-test or F-testfor comparison the averages of trust and social attunement between different ethnic groups in the city.
Discussion of Results & Conclusions
The results of the descriptive findings shows that social consensus variable with the average 3.07of 5 was the amount up to average and the trust variable was middle average at the level 2.70 of 5. Between personal trust, generalized trust and institutional trust sectors as trust dimensions have the average of 3.20,2.10 and 2.89 of 5 and the national identity has allocated average 3.53 of 5.
59% of the total sample is men and 70% of the participants have in age distance 20-39 years. More than two thirds of samples have been born in cities area and about 75% of sample is married. More than two thirds participants are working and about 68% have Personal homes. About 43% of sample Persian language, about 41% Turkmen and the rest Peoples wereTurk(-9/1%), Sistaini (2/9%), Bluch (1/8 %) and 1/5% belonged to other languages. The average family income was announced 570000 tumans and about 73% of the society were diploma and under.
The analysis indicates that there was significant relate between trust and social consensus and this is middle correlation(R=0/41). With regard to the amount of k-Square coefficient, the trust variable can be predicted about 17% of the changes of social consensus in the studying field. Institutional trust with the amount of b=35% and next between personal trust and generalized trust have been most affected on social consensus. In other words institutional trust alone predicted 17% of the changes social Attunement and generalized trust has explain only 0/7% of these changes.National identity as a mediate variable was predicted alone about 40% of the changes social consensus. Multiple Regression shows that middlecorrelation(R2=0/248) between the independent and the dependent variables. In a way that independent variables in the sum can be predict and explainabout 25% of the dependent variableʹs changes. Also according to the result of the findings of the correlation coefficient, has been seen significant relatebetween the dimensions of trustand national identity. So that institutional trust with the amount of 0/33 wasthe most relation with national identity and between personal trustandgeneralized trust in far later in the amount of the 0/20 and 0/16 wererelatewith national identity. In this way the three Mediate hypothesis: relation between the between personal trustwithnational identity, relation between generalized trust withnational identity and institutional trust with national identity have been confirmed. Experimental model research shows that the most important predicted that the social consensus of the respectively are as follows: National identity whit31%, institutional trust whit 20%, between personal trust18% and generalized trust 14% are explain of social consensus changes. The most important secondary hypothesisis that: relationship between trust and social consensus will be different according to ethnicity.
The results showed that relate between trust and social consensus in Persian language compared to other ethnic groups, are more strongly and amount of the 0/45 in positive direction. In other words whatever is added amount of trust this group will increase the amount of social consensusseveralty. This relation in Turkmen and Turk ethnic the way to 0/39 and 0/38 is positive which show that with the increase in these peoples trust also their social consensus will increase.
So differences indicate that the relationship between trust and social consensus in the Persian language more strength regarding the two Turkmen and Turk. Also results the Multiple Regression showed that in Persian language trust variable explained predict 20% of social consensus changes and in two ethnicity Turkmen and Turk predicted the 15 % and 14 % of the social consensus changes. In this manner in Persian language trust more share in the increase in social consensus.
According to the results has been confirmed every five the main hypothesis and the most important secondary hypothesis. Sztompka believes that the trust culture and considers it as software for social order and moral society. He thought trust from five through help to maintain order and society with moral ties. One of these mechanisms is strengthening collective congruence due to the collective identity or national. In this way the main research hypothesis; relationship between trust and social attunement approved and significant with carefully the theoretical framework in the population and can be the result that this theory to explain the relationship between trust and social consensus is valid in this society and has been Generalized ability, refer and using in the study field. The investigation in accordance with Chalabi Studies (1993), Jafari nezhad (2005). Results of also was in contrary to Aziz Khani (1389). Also with ethnicity as a important variable field and the difference average social consensus according to which, the results accordance with the research of Jafari nezhad (2005), Sekhavaty far( 1386), Amely and Molaee(1388), Schans & Komter (2010), Anderson & Milligan (2010) and Reitz and Others (2008).
