پديد آورندگان :
صالحي، صادق نويسنده دانشگاه ليدز انگلستان , , پازوكي‌نژاد، زهرا نويسنده كارشناس ارشد مطالعات جوانان دانشگاه مازندران ,
كليدواژه :
توسعه پايدار , عملكرد زيست - محيطي , دانشگاه‌هاي شمال , نگرش زيست - محيطي , مازندران
چكيده فارسي :
توسعه پايدار، فرايندي از تغيير است كه بهره‌برداري از منابع، مديريت سرمايهگذاريها، جهت‌گيري توسعه تكنولوژيك و تغييرات سازماني را همزمان با نيازهاي كنوني و آينده مطمح نظر قرار مي‌دهد. در اين راستا، شناسايي و تبيين نگرش دانشجويان نسبت به محيط زيست، به عنوان قشر آگاه و تاثيرگذار جامعه، گامي اساسي و مهم در سياستگذاريهاي زيست - محيطي و تربيت نسلي آگاه به محيط زيست و مخاطرات آن و چگونگي مقابله با آن است. هدف از پژوهش حاضر، ارزيابي نگرش و عملكرد زيست محيطي دانشجويان دانشگاه‌هاي دولتي سطح استان مازندران است. با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گيري طبقه‌اي و براساس فرمول كوكران، تعداد 406 نفر از 10313 نفر دانشجويان شاغل به تحصيل در دانشگاه‌هاي مذكور به عنوان نمونه تعيين و اطلاعات مربوطه با استفاده از پرسشنامه جمع‌آوري شد. نتايج پژوهش نشان داد نگرش دانشجويان نسبت به محيط زيست مثبت بوده، اما به رفتارهاي زيست - محيطي چندان پايبند نبودهاند. 53 درصد از دانشجويان مورد بررسي از رسانه‌هاي ديداري به عنوان منبع اصلي اطلاعات زيست - محيطي استفاده ميكنند. همچنين، دانشجويان ساكن شهر، در مقايسه با دانشجويان روستايي، رفتارهاي زيست - محيطي مطلوبتري از خود نشان دادند. نگرش و عملكرد زيست - محيطي دانشجويان بر حسب جنسيت هيچ تفاوتي نداشت و بين نگرش و عملكرد زيست محيطي دانشجويان رابطه ضعيفي وجود داشته است. همچنين، نگرش و عملكرد زيست - محيطي دانشجويان برحسب منابع اطلاعاتي و تصور فرد از عملكرد زيست - محيطي خانواده متفاوت بود.
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction
Recent development in theory and research give hope for building the understanding needed to effectively alter human behaviors that contribute to environmental problems. Behavior change strategies that are consistent with the people’s knowledge and awareness of global environmental change are therefore necessary in order for sustainable policy to be developed. Environmental attitudes are conceptualized in terms of attitude theory as being composed of beliefs and affect toward an object .Because attitudes are viewed as hypothetical mental states underlying constructs which influence a variety of verbal statements, no single verbal statement yields a particularly good measure of attitude. Sociologists Dunlap and VanLiere(1978) have hypotheses sized a new environmental paradigm(NEP) in contrast to what Pirages and Ehrlich(1974) call our society’s Dominant Social Paradigm(DSP), i.e., traditional values and beliefs such as economic growth, material progress and technological optimism. The NEP represents a constellation of values, attitudes, or beliefs which are ‘perhaps best captured by spaceship earth metaphor’. NEP scale (Dunlap et al., 2000) was used to measure environmental attitudes. The NEP addresses four aspects of an environmental worldview with three statements for each: the realization of limits to growth, anti – anthropocentrism, belief in the fragility of the balance of nature, rejection of human exemptionalism. Attitudes were measured with five – point Likert type scales ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree. Among these twelve statements, there are nine positively (pro – environmentally) narrated statements and three negatively narrated statements. Sustainable development is a process of change in which the exploitation of resources, the direction of investments, the orientation of technological development and institutional change are made consistent with future as well as present needs, to overcomeenvironmental problems. Furthermore, and sustainable environment require strained man power having graduated with a compatible with attitude towards the environment and sustainability. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the environmental attitudes and behaviors of students.
Material & Method
The present study utilized survey method and the main tool for data collection was questionnaire. Given that the focus of the study was to assess student’ environmental attitude and behaviors, the unit of analysis in this study is university student and level of analysis was micro. With calculation of Cochran formula, 406 of 10313 students were determined in seven state universities in Mazandaran province. ASurvey method was applied and research data gathering tool was questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was achieved by applying face validity. To this end, 406 students of different universities (including Mazandaran University, Babol Industrial Noshirvani University, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences, and Babol University of Medical Sciences) were selected using stratified sampling. A total of 406 students were interviewed face to face, using questionnaires. Having examined the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, the survey data were collected and analyzed. Four hypotheses were examined. Data entry, editating and final processing was performed by applying software SPSS.
Discussion of Results& Conclusions
The results of this research showed that53 percent of the surveyed students were used meeting the media as the main source of environmental information. Urban student’ attitudes were more favorable to the environment. Environmental attitude and behavior of the sample students were not difference by gender. There was a weak relationship between environmental attitudes and behavior. Also, environmental attitudes and behavior were different by the family ‘environmental performance, informational resources related with environmental attitude and behavior. In conclusion, it can be said that based on the descriptive and inferential findings while students, student attitudes toward the environment seems at an appropriate level. But their environmental performance was not at an expected level and needs to be changed, if we want to achieve sustainable development..Therefore, in any major decisions and national policies to develop sustainable development, we should consider on the factors that reinforcing the environmental responsible behavior. Recognizing theimportance of the environmentto thestudents can boost spirit of protection of the environment and increasea sense of responsibilityamong the university students.
