روش‌ پژوهش هايدگر در كتاب «وجود و زمان»

The Method of Heidegger’s Research In “Being and Time”

مارتين هايدگر موضوع فلسفه‌ي خود را وجود قرار مي‌دهد و معتقد است اين موضوع در تاريخ تفكر مورد غفلت قرار گرفته و بايد توجه خود را به آن معطوف داشت. وي اساس تفكر خود را توجه به هستي و پرسش از وجود مي‌داند ولي نقطه‌ي آغاز و روش پژوهش او متفاوت است. او براي اين كار از وجود خاص انسان (دازاين) شروع مي‌كند كه پرسش از وجود، از ويژگي‌هاي اساسي اوست. روش وي كه به پديدارشناسي هرمنوتيكي معروف شده است با روش‌هاي استدلالي فلاسفه‌اي چون دكارت و كانت و روش كشف و شهود عرفاني و نيز روش پديدارشناسي استعلايي هوسرل كاملاً تفاوت دارد. در اين روش، رابطه‌ي انسان (دازاين) با ساختارهاي وجودي او و نحوه‌ي وجود خاص او مورد تحليل قرار گرفته و به معني وجود تقرب حاصل مي‌گردد. روش وي مي‌تواند در فلسفه و عرفان اسلامي الهام‌بخش باشد.

Martin Heidegger chooses Being as his subject matter for his philosophy and believes that it has been neglected throughout the history of thinking. So he calls attention to it. According to him, the basis of his thought is to regard Being and to question it .Therefore he begins his job by men’s special being (Dasein), for it is he who asks of Being, and the question of Being is his essential characteristic. His method introduced as “hermeneutic phenomenology” differs completely from reasoning method of philosophers, intuitive method of mysticism, and also the transcendental phenomenology of Husserl. In this method, the relation of man (Dasein) to his existential structures, and, its special mode of being has been analyzed. In fact, he approaches being by analyzing its meaning. We believe that his method can be used in Islamic philosophy and mysticism.