ارايه ديدگاههاي جديد در رابطه با الگوهاي گل و ستاره در تزيينات اسلامي

Representation of New Viewpoints on Rose and Star Patterns in Islamic Decorations

مجموعه تزيينات اسلامي همواره درقالب الگوهاي هندسي خاصي متبلورشده‌‌اند.در رابطه با اين الگوها ديدگاه هاي متفاوتي وجود دارد. اين مقاله با بررسي ديدگاه هاي رايج در رابطه با دو الگوي هندسي گل و ستاره در تزيينات اسلامي، به بررسي و جمع بندي ساير ويژگيهاي اين دو شكل هندسي مهم پرداخته شده تا زمينه بررسي بيشتر را براي محققان در آينده فراهم آورد.نتايج تحقيق حاكي از آن است كه اين الگوهااز طبيعت برگرفته شده اند و علاوه بر برخورداري از ويژگي هاي هندسه فركتال ها از جمله خود متشابهي، خرد مقياسي، بعد اعشار و تكرارشوندگي داراي ويژگي هاي ديگري از جمله تقارن، دوران، تناسب، مركزگرايي و نوزايي مي باشند كه اين امر نشان دهنده آن است كه در گذشته، هنرمندان اسلامي به خوبي از ابعاد گسترده ويژگي هاي طرح هاي هندسي خود آگاه بوده و از الگوهاي پيشرفته اي جهت كاشيكاري سطوح استفاده مي نمودند.

Islamic designs has close relationship with geometrical figures such that can undoubtedly be claimed that decorations of Islamic era have been accompanied with advanced mathematical patterns in special geometrical forms. Islamic patterns have attracted the researchers of the world and encouraged them to discover these patterns and offer theories in analyzing these designs. Rose and star patters are of the common geometrical figures found in Islamic decorations. But, dispersion of current viewpoints about analysis of these patterns and considering special aspect of each viewpoint toward the designs hinders providing a comprehensive approach by researchers in summarizing several aspects of features and then how to use these figures for artists and experts of the related fields. Therefore, this article aims to study and summarize other features of two rose and star geometrical figures through studying of the common viewpoints considering these two important geometrical patterns in Islamic decorations to provide conditions for more and future researches in this regard. Results show that rose and star patterns have most of features of the Euclidean and non-Euclidean geometries like Fractal geometry, including symmetry, rotation, proportion, centralism, self-similarity, micro-scale, decimal aspect and repetitiveness. The emerge of new mathematic concepts and usage of that in different part of science and technology come to a huge human life revolution in recent decades. Fractal geometry, Fuzzy logic and artificial intelligence are some examples of this concept. Features of Islamic patterns are based on mathematical exact equations and Islamic artists used these arts five hundred years before discovering these principles in West. This is another reason to prove this theory that nature has been regarded as model and source of inspiration for engineers and artists of Islam world through having advanced mathematical patterns. Western scholars were led to do different categories in order to discover these mysteries. One of the original categories of pattern idea usage is in designing and covering the surfaces which was known as the islamic patterns. Many research has done in relation with various aspects of these patterns and how to use them. Roger Penrose, Peter, Paul Steihaurdt, Keite kritchlu, Gulru Nacipoglu, Emil Makovicky, Josha Socolar have research comprehensively. Some of this results are golden ratio, non-periodic and quasi-crystalline features of islamic tiling surfaces, types of symmetry, lack of repeatability, usage of pentagon patterns ,Etc. So, recognition features of fractal geometry and Islamic decoration geometry is necessary for islamic country in keeping with the contemporary world. Research results demonstrate that these patterns have most of features of the Euclidean and non-Euclidean geometries like Fractal geometry, including symmetry, rotation, proportion, centralism, self-similarity, micro-scale, decimal aspect and repetitiveness. Fractal geometry is the mathemathical expression of nature architecture and it could be as the core of design composition. It improves an architect to creat a new space and vast of internal motivation through different emotions by the various proportion of form in designing. Identifying Fractal features could be helpful in creating architectural complicated spaces such az fractal architecture and also creating spatal structure by using mathematic concepts.